Clinical trials

The goal of this observational study is to learn whether hypoalbuminemia in post surgical patients receiving cefoperazone/sulbactam therapy poses them to the risk of developing coagulopathy. It will also study that what are the other risk factors for the development of cefoperazone/sulbactam induced coagulopathy. The main questions it aims to answer are : • Does hypoalbuminemia increase the risk of cefoperazone/sulbactam coagulopathy in post operative surgical patients? * What is the incidence of cefoperazone/sulbactam induced coagulopathy in normoalbuminemic vs hypoalbuminemic patients. * Does renal function, nutritional status, dose and duration of therapy affect coagulopathy development? * What are the independent risk factors for the development of cefoperazone/sulbactam induced coagulopathy? Patients' coagulation tests will be followed during the duration of cefoperazone/sulbactam therapy to identify coagulation development.

The goal of this interventional study is to learn, whether Tofacitinib or upadacitinib is more effective in treating the patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis. It will also learn about the safety of these two agents. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Which JAK inhibitor (Tofacitinib or Upadacitinib) is more effective to improve the disease activity of Rheumatoid arthritis in Pakistani population? * What is the Disease Activity scores, ESR, CRP, RA factor level of patients? * What are the side effects of both drugs, during the study time? Participants: * Of Group A will be taking 5mg Tofacitinib oral daily for 6 months along with 25mg of once weekly dose of oral Methotrexate, whereas of Group B will be taking 15mg Upadacitinib oral daily for 6 months along with 25mg of once weekly dose of oral methotrexate. * Will Visit the clinic once at 3 months and then 6 months for checkups and tests * Will Keep a diary of any infection, treatment taken, duration of infection * Will inform the researcher about any unusual side effect during the study

The goal of this pilot randomized controlled trial is to compare pain relief efficacy while using nasal packing versus greater palatine foramen block (GPFB) in the management of acute episodes of epistaxis. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does GPFB have less potential to inflict pain when dealing with hemostasis with epistaxis, utilizing a pre-validated 10-point visual analog scale (VAS)? Was hemostasis management more effective in either technique? Researchers will compare anterior nasal packing to greater palatine foramen block using 2% xylocaine with adrenaline. Patients will receive any of the hemostatic interventions at the time of the acute epistaxis episode. The questionnaire will be administered 24 hours post-intervention.

To compare the outcome of topical minoxidil 5% spray versus oral minoxidil 2.5 mg tablet for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in males and females. Outcomes include efficacy of the treatment, measured by reduction in hair shedding, improvement in hair density and new hair growth as assessed by physican and patient assessment as well as safety, defined as incidence and severity of adverse events over a treatment period of 6 months