This study aims to investigate how moderate wine consumption influences circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in healthy adults. EVs are small particles released by cells that carry proteins, lipids, and genetic material, and play important roles in communication between cells. Participants will consume a single serving of red or white wine, and blood samples will be collected before and after consumption to study changes in the composition and function of EVs. The study will also assess how these EVs affect vascular, immune, and brain-related cells. The results are expected to improve our understanding of how moderate wine intake contributes to cardiovascular and brain health.
Healthy adult men and women aged 35 to 65 years.
Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m².
Non-smokers or ex-smokers for at least 12 months.
Moderate alcohol consumers, defined as ≤2 units/day for men and ≤1 unit/day for women.
History or clinical evidence of cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, thyroid, gastrointestinal, or metabolic diseases (including diabetes, dyslipidemia, or hypertension).
Use of medications or supplements known to affect glucose, lipid, or inflammatory metabolism (e.g., statins, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs).
Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Recent blood donation (within the last 3 months) or planned blood donation during the study period.
Crossover
White Wine
Dietary supplementChardonnay, 4 mL/kg body weight
Red Wine
Dietary supplementCabernet Sauvignon, 4 mL/kg body weight
Water
Dietary supplementStill water, 4 mL/kg body weight
Concentration of circulating extracellular vesicles
Concentration of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles measured after acute intake of red wine, white wine, or water. Extracellular vesicles will be isolated by immunoaffinity methods and quantified using nanoparticle-based analysis. Results will be expressed as particles per milliliter (particles/mL).
Mean size of circulating extracellular vesicles
Mean diameter of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles measured after acute intake of red wine, white wine, or water. Extracellular vesicle size will be assessed using dynamic light scattering. Results will be expressed in nanometers (nm).
Postprandial changes in extracellular vesicle proteome
Postprandial changes in the protein composition of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles following acute intake of red wine, white wine, or water. EV-associated proteins will be analyzed using quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results will be expressed as normalized protein abundance.
Postprandial changes in extracellular vesicle lipidome
Postprandial changes in the lipid composition of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles following acute intake of red wine, white wine, or water. EV-associated lipid species will be analyzed using quantitative lipidomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results will be expressed as normalized lipid abundance.
Change from baseline in plasma glucose concentration
Venous blood plasma glucose concentration measured using a validated clinical chemistry assay (enzymatic method). Primary metric is change from baseline at each postprandial time point (time point value minus baseline value). Unit of Measure: mg/dL
Change from baseline in plasma insulin concentration
Venous blood plasma insulin concentration measured using a validated immunoassay. Primary metric is change from baseline at each postprandial time point (time point value minus baseline value). Unit of Measure: µIU/mL
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