Investigation of Motor Imagery Ability, Body Awareness and Cognitive Functions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Mental Chronometer

Mental chronometry provides information about the temporal relationship between real and simulated movements. As part of this assessment, participants will be administered the Nine-Hole Wooden Peg Test. In the study, the patient will be asked to place wooden sticks in the box one by one into the holes on the board as quickly as possible with their dominant hand. They will then be asked to place the sticks back into the box one by one. The total duration of the test will be determined by a chronometer. After the materials are removed from the field of vision, they will be asked to perform this carrying activity using the imagery method and the elapsed time will again be recorded by a chronometer. Motor imagery trials will begin with a countdown of "3-2-1-Start" and will end when participants indicate that they have finished placing by saying "stop".

Mental Rotation

Mental rotation provides information about the accuracy of imagined movements. Mental rotation will be evaluated as a hand lateralization task, which is choosing which side the hand belongs to. The test will be applied using the Recognize App Recognize Hand software (Neuro Orthopedic Institute, Adelaide, Australia). Two data will be obtained by performing the test. The first is the percentage of correct responses that are capable of understanding whether the hand images shown belong to the right or the left, and the second is the reaction times of the individuals while performing the task. The "Vanilla" mode will be used for mental rotation ability in the study. This mode consists of images of real human hands in different postures/positions. The patient is given 5 seconds for each hand image and is expected to indicate whether the hand in the image is right or left from the buttons below during this time.

Body Awareness

Individuals; body awareness will be measured with the Body Awareness Questionnaire. The Body Awareness Questionnaire consists of 18 questions. Participants will be asked to score each statement between 1 (1: Not true for me at all) and 7 (7: Completely true for me), and the total score is obtained by adding the scores given for each statement. The total score takes a value between 18 and 126. The higher the total score, the better the body awareness.

Cognitive Function

Cognitive functions will be assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) questionnaire. MOCA is a screening test that assesses attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visual-spatial abilities, abstract thinking, calculation, and orientation. The total score on the MOCA test ranges from 0 to 30. The cutoff for a normal MOCA score is 26.