Cognitive Function

This proof-of-concept study will evaluate whether physiologic pacemaker programming improves cognitive function and health status in patients with symptomatic bradycardia who require permanent pacemaker implantation. Participants will be randomized to either standard pacemaker programming at 60 beats per minute or individualized physiologic rate pacing between 60 and 90 beats per minute using the myPACE algorithm. Cognitive function and health status will be assessed before pacemaker implantation and again at the routine 3-month pacemaker clinic visit. The primary outcome is change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment total score. The secondary outcome is change in SF-36 mental component summary score.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the Omega-3 Index, erythrocyte membrane composition, cognitive function, hormonal profile, speed, endurance performance, and hematological parameters in competitive athletes aged 16-35 years.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Montessori-based interventions on cognitive function and activities of daily living in older adults.

This study will evaluate whether binaural beats can improve cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment living in nursing homes. Participants will listen to 10-Hz alpha-frequency binaural beats through headphones once daily for 30 minutes for 14 consecutive days. Cognitive function, sleep quality, anxiety, and depressive symptoms will be assessed before the intervention, after the intervention, and at a 2-week follow-up after the intervention. The study aims to determine whether binaural beats are a safe, simple, and non-drug approach to support cognitive health in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

The aging process entails a multitude of structural and functional alterations within the brain, culminating in a gradual and progressive decline in cognitive function. Recent research has indicated that various spices may hold the key to enhancing brain health and combating the effects of aging on cognitive abilities. The hypothesis is that a mixture of spices, acknowledged for their reported memory protection potential, may yield a more potent beneficial effect on memory function than a single spice. The spice mixture will be used at culinary dose, and therefore side effects are anticipated. In this study, the effects of spice mixture will be evaluated, as well as their anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The proposed pilot study will include 50 adults (ages 50-80), exhibiting typical age-related mild cognitive decline, excluding dementia or major neurocognitive disorders. They will be randomized 1:1 assigned into a daily intake of either 4.00 g spice mixture capsules or 4.00 g maltodextrin capsules over 3 months, and explore the sustainable effect over 3 additional months. The changes in symptoms of cognition, fatigue, and mood symptoms of the spice group vs. placebo group will be compared. The outcome of the investigation of the effects of mixed spice consumption will provide important novel information on dietary recommendation of spice to preserve cognitive function in aging population.

Regular physical activity, healthy dietary habits, and good metabolic health are associated with numerous physical and cognitive health benefits. However, individuals vary substantially in their affective, motivational, and cognitive responses to exercise, and the factors contributing to this variability are not fully understood. This prospective observational study will examine whether habitual dietary fat quality and metabolic health are associated with exercise responses, cognitive function, and academic-related outcomes in healthy young adults. Participants will complete assessments of dietary intake, body composition, metabolic health, aerobic fitness, cognitive function, and academic engagement. They will also complete a standardized moderate-intensity cycling session during which affective responses, exercise enjoyment, subjective energy, and motivation for future physical activity will be assessed. The findings will improve understanding of how habitual dietary habits and metabolic health may influence responses to exercise and cognitive functioning and may help inform future lifestyle recommendations aimed at promoting physical activity participation, cognitive performance, and overall health.

Endocrine therapy (ET) is widely used to treat hormone receptor positive breast cancer and prevent recurrence by downregulating estrogen function. However, ETs readily cross the blood brain barrier and interfere with the action of estrogen in the brain. Estrogen supports cognition and menopausal status is closely linked to cognitive health in women. This has raised concern that anti-estrogen ETs may affect cognition and brain health in breast cancer survivors. However, evidence across existing studies is inconsistent and these effects remain poorly understood. The incomplete understanding of the effects of ET are likely due to limitations of earlier studies - namely, the under-appreciation of the role of menopausal status and insensitivity of standard cognitive measures. This research project will address these earlier limitations by specifically comparing ET effects by menopausal status, and using highly sensitive, task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures to assess the effects of ET on brain function.

The goal of this clinical trial is to examine the effect of Magnesium Choline Citrate on cognitive function and anxiety in healthy adolescents and adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What is the change in cognitive function, as assessed by the PROMIS Cognitive Function- Short Form 8a (≥18 years old) from baseline to Day 84 between Magnesium Choline Citrate and placebo? * What is the change in cognitive function, as assessed by the Pediatric Cognitive Function - Short Form 7a (8 - 17 years old) from baseline to Day 84 between Magnesium Choline Citrate and placebo? Researchers will compare Magnesium Choline Citrate with placebo to evaluate its effects on cognitive function and anxiety symptoms. Participants will be asked to: * Consume either Magnesium Choline Citrate or placebo for 84 days * Complete questionnaires (PROMIS Cognitive Function- Short Form 8a/Pediatric Cognitive Function - Short Form 7a, and PROMIS Emotional Distress - Anxiety - Short Form 8a/Pediatric Anxiety - Short Form 8a) * Complete a study diary weekly

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the safety and efficacy of AP-Brain on cognitive function at varying dosages in healthy younger adults with self-reported attention problems. The main question it aims to answer is what Change from baseline to Day 56 between AP-Brain (1g, 3g, or 5g) and placebo in cognitive function, as assessed by the CNS VS Neurocognitive Index (NCI) score and complex attention. Participants will be asked to consume AP-Brain at 1 g, 3 g, or 5g, or Placebo and asked to complete memory assessment questionnaires.

Radicle Energy VBMTM: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled direct-to-consumer study assessing the impact of health and wellness products on fatigue and related health outcomes.

The current project aims to design and implement an 8-week Virtual Reality Adventure Therapy Exergaming (V-RATE) intervention focused on women veterans. A randomized controlled trial using a repeated measure design with a 1-month follow-up assessment will be employed to examine effects on physical and mental health outcomes.

This research study examines recovery after a sports-related concussion or mild head injury. Many athletes experience lingering problems with thinking, balance, and mood months after a concussion. We are testing a new home-based program called BraW-Day™ (Brain \& Walk Exercise Every Day). This 14-day program uses a mobile app on your smartphone and combines simple brain exercises (like counting backwards) with walking exercises. The idea is that doing these tasks together may help your brain and body recover more effectively. What You'll Do: * Two in-person visits at UNLV (baseline and after 14 days) for assessments * Daily 15-minute exercises at home using the BraW-Day app * Provide a small saliva sample for biomarker testing * Complete brief questionnaires about your symptoms and health Potential Benefits: You may experience improvements in thinking, balance, or mood. Even if you don't benefit directly, your participation will help researchers understand how to better support athletes recovering from concussion. Who Can Join: * Ages 18-40 * Had a sports-related concussion or mild head injury within the past 3-12 months * Have a smartphone and can safely do light walking and simple tasks This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov and approved by the UNLV Institutional Review Board to protect your safety and rights.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between foot arch structure and spatiotemporal gait parameters and cognitive function in older adults. Foot arch integrity will be assessed using the Navicular Drop Test, and gait performance will be evaluated using the 10-Meter Walk Test. Cognitive-motor interaction will be examined through lower extremity reaction time using a light-based system. The study is designed as an observational cross-sectional analysis.

Neurocognitive complications, mainly delirium and neurocognitive disorders, are common cerebral complications in older patients after surgery and associated with worse long-term outcomes. An ongoing 2×2 factorial trial conducted by the investigators plan to test the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients. This long-term follow-up of the ongoing trial aims to investigate the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and tDCS on long-term outcomes in older patients after noncardiac surgery.

The purpose of this study is to determine optimal task design parameters for the measurement of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) effects on cognition.

Using a 2-arm, RCT approach, the primary goal of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training (IMST) as a non-pharmacologic intervention to reduce cardiovascular and cognitive risks in older adults. Next, investigators will examine secondary effects of IMST on mood, sleep quality, systemic inflammation, and physical/motor function. Finally, investigators will assess participant adherence and acceptability ratings of using an 8-week home-based IMST protocol in a diverse older adult sample.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between motor imagery skills, body awareness and cognitive functions in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.

This study is a postmarketing requirement jointly carried out by four NDA holders (Bayer AG, Bracco, GE Healthcare and Guerbet) and the CRO IQVIA. The study aims to create detailed images of the organs and tissue of the human body during x-ray, CT-scan or MRI investigations, doctors are using contrast media (a kind of dye) which can be given to patients by injection into a blood vessel or by mouth. In this study researchers want to find out whether so called gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have an effect on body movement and mental skills when given to participants multiple times within 5 years. The study plans to enroll about 2076 participants suffering from a condition for which they are likely to have at least annually a MRI or another imaging examinations. Only adults up to 65 years will be considered to join this study. During the study duration of 5 years participants will receive annually a MRI or other imaging tests (such as CT-scan, x-ray) and will visit the study doctor at least 7 times for physical examinations, laboratory investigations and tests on body movement and mental skills.

A poor nutrition status is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. In particular, evidence links low status of certain B-vitamins and ω-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) with a greater risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Although these dietary components are typically investigated separately, post-hoc analyses of existing clinical trial data and experimental work indicate that B-vitamins and ω-3 FA may exert synergistic beneficial effects on processes related to brain health and cognition. However, this combination has not been tested directly in humans. In the proposed BOOMERANG project, we will study the effects of jointly supplementing with B-vitamins and a highly bioavailable ω-3 FA supplement, Lysoveta, on a robust biomarker of brain atrophy, the neurofilament light chain, in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) over 3 months in older adults. We will also examine the secondary effects of the supplement of quality of life and cognitive function.

Multi-center, single-blinded, randomized, controlled study consisting of two arms, to investigate the impact of an oral nutritional supplement in combination with dietary counseling on growth in children with growth concerns as compared to children who receive dietary counselling alone

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of glucosyl-hesperidin (CITRAPEAK) supplementation on exercise performance, recovery indicators, blood flow, cognitive function, mood, sleep, and fuel utilization in recreationally active adults.

After chemotherapy, older breast cancer survivors experience a faster decline in brain function. This can make it harder to enjoy life, stay social, and maintain independence. Chemotherapy can lead to poorer lifestyle habits, like unhealthy eating, less exercise, high stress, and poor sleep. Chemotherapy can also affect important health markers like blood sugar and cholesterol. Over time, these changes can damage blood vessels, which might lead to heart and brain issues. The investigators do not fully understand why brain function declines faster after chemotherapy, especially in older survivors, because there are many factors involved. In this study, the investigators will look at how lifestyle habits (like diet, exercise, stress and sleep), health markers (like blood sugar and cholesterol), and blood vessel health (like how well blood flows and how stiff the blood vessels are) affect brain function in older breast cancer survivors. The investigators will include 152 females aged 60-85 years, who finished chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer at least 1 year ago. The investigators will use special tests to check different parts of brain function, like language, memory, and attention, as well as brain blood vessel health. This will help to understand which factors might speed up or slow down memory and thinking problems. Since many Canadian breast cancer survivors experience faster decline in brain function after chemotherapy, this study aims to find out what might make it worse. The results could help to create better and more personalized treatment plans for older breast cancer survivors that protect brain health and reduce problems with brain function in the future.

This study investigates the effects of somatosensory cognitive games interventions on older adults' cognitive and physical functions. The investigators plan to recruit up to 100 participants and randomly assign them to a control group or an experimental group. The experimental group will participate in somatosensory cognitive games for 12 weeks, while the control group will receive routine care. Data will be collected via questionnaires to examine whether somatosensory cognitive games can delay declines in cognitive and physical functions in older adults.

Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, and physical performance deterioration. Prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly people is remarkably high (prevalence of about 25% in 60+ years people). In type 2 diabetes (T2D), sarcopenia is emerging as comorbidity of major concern. Sarcopenia, however, is not limited to elderly people, as it can develop also in younger individuals with prevalence around 9% or even higher according to some investigators. Of note, sarcopenia has been reported even in the 20-29 years interval. This interval includes women of childbearing age, thus raising the question whether sarcopenia may occur also in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and whether this may affect pregnancy outcomes. Also, association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment has been repeatedly reported, to the point that some authors have emphasized the importance of early sarcopenia recognition for prevention of cognitive impairment. Therefore, our main aims are: 1. To ascertain whether sarcopenia is present in GDM and, in that case, its prevalence; 2. To identify risk factors for sarcopenia; 3. To determine sarcopenia impact on pregnancy outcomes, and cognitive function. During pregnancy, all women will undergo oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for assessment of the glucometabolic condition. Several clinical variables of interest in sarcopenia will also be recorded. As regards the OGTT data, special focus will be on the assessment of insulin resistance, both at fasting and during the dynamic conditions determined by the OGTT. Notably, the special interest for insulin resistance is due to the reason that this type of metabolic alteration is known to be a risk factor for sarcopenia. In fact, all women will then undergo testing for diagnosis of sarcopenia (or presarcopenia), and all data and parameters will be analyzed to identify relationships between sarcopenia-related variables and GDM-related ones. It is worth noting that in consideration of the exacerbated insulin resistance condition often observed in GDM, the investigators expect indeed a not negligible prevalence of sarcopenia (or at least presarcopenia) in GDM women, despite the young (non-elderly) age. In addition, since insulin resistance is often present in pregnancy even in the absence of dysglycemia, the investigators do not exclude to identify some cases of sarcopenia/presarcopenia even in pregnant non-GDM women. This study will be the basis for future studies (also of interventional type), especially in women with GDM for prevention of sarcopenia and related possible pregnancy complication and adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as for possibly contributing to mitigation of risk for T2D development in later life.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exercises performed with stroboscopic glasses-recently gaining popularity in sports-on cognitive function, physical performance, and postural stability, which are among the key skills in athletic performance. The originality of the study lies in being the first to examine the effects of stroboscopic glasses-based exercises on basketball players. Hypotheses of the study: H1: Exercises performed with stroboscopic glasses have an effect on athletes' cognitive functions. H2: Exercises performed with stroboscopic glasses have an effect on athletes' physical performance. H3: Exercises performed with stroboscopic glasses have an effect on athletes' static and dynamic postural stability.