Salivary Function and Dental Changes During GLP-1 Therapy

People who use glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, may experience changes in their oral health. Some people report dry mouth, changes in saliva, and increased wear of their teeth after starting these medicines. However, little is known about whether these medicines affect saliva and dental hard tissues.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate changes in salivary calcium levels, salivary function, and dental hard tissues in adults who begin treatment with semaglutide or tirzepatide for obesity.

Approximately 40 participants will be enrolled before starting GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy. Oral examinations, standardized intraoral photographs, saliva samples, and body weight measurements will be obtained before treatment and again after three months. Saliva samples will be analyzed for calcium concentration, pH, and salivary flow rate. Dental hard tissue changes will be assessed using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index.

The findings from this study may improve understanding of the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on oral health and help healthcare professionals identify and prevent possible dental complications during treatment.