This observational study aims to examine the relationship between the percentage of limb loss and functional outcomes in individuals with unilateral upper limb amputation. Upper limb amputation can affect posture, balance control, pain levels, daily living activities, hand function, and reaction time. However, limited research has investigated how the amount of limb loss influences these outcomes.
Participants between 18 and 65 years of age who use a myoelectric or bionic prosthesis will undergo a series of assessments. These assessments include measurements of postural control using a force platform, posture analysis, evaluation of neck and low back pain using a visual analog scale, daily living activities using a validated questionnaire, hand dexterity using the Box and Block Test, and reaction time using a visual stimulus device.
The study does not involve any intervention or treatment. All evaluations will be performed during a single assessment session. The results of this study may help improve rehabilitation planning and provide better understanding of functional changes associated with different levels of limb loss in people with upper limb amputation.
Adults aged 18-65 years
Unilateral upper limb amputation
Use of a myoelectric or bionic prosthesis for at least 1 year
Current prosthesis use for a minimum of 3 months
Bilateral upper limb amputation
Additional amputation of another limb
Use of passive or cosmetic prosthesis
Presence of neurological or other significant orthopedic disorders unrelated to amputation
This study population consists of adults aged 18-65 years with unilateral upper limb amputation who use a myoelectric or bionic prosthesis. Participants are recruited from clinical and rehabilitation settings and meet predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All individuals undergo a single-session assessment to evaluate postural control, pain, daily living activities, hand function, and reaction time.
Case-only
Cross-sectional
This is an observational study. No interventional procedures are performed. All assessments are non-invasive measurements.
Other interventionThis is an observational study. No interventional procedures are performed. All assessments are non-invasive measurements.
Daily living activity score
In upper extremity amputees, daily living activities and occupational skills will be assessed using a questionnaire. (0-100 score, Survey on Activities of Daily Living and Occupations of Upper Extremity Amputees)
Postural Sway and Limits of Stability
Postural sway (cm) measured using a force BERTEC platform system.
Postural Sway and Limits of Stability
limits of stability (%) measured using a force BERTEC platform system.
Neck and Back Pain Intensity
Measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on a 0-10 scale, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst possible pain.
Hand Dexterity
easured using the Box and Block Test (number of blocks successfully transferred from one compartment to another in 60 seconds).
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