Brain Tumor, Pediatric

The goal of this study is to learn if an online computerized training program improves processing speed, attention, and working memory in children with a primary brain tumor during and after active cancer treatment. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Is the cognitive intervention feasible to administer to children with brain tumors during and after cancer treatment?, 2. Is the cognitive intervention acceptable to children and caregivers?, and 3. Does the cognitive intervention improve neuropsychological functioning? There is no comparison group for this study. Participants will: 1. Complete an online computerized cognitive training program for approximately 15 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks; 2. Have weekly check-ins with the cognitive coach, 3. Complete a survey at the end of the cognitive training program, and 4. Complete pre- and post- neuropsychological testing.

Cancer-related fatigue is a common and debilitating late effect in pediatric brain tumor survivors. Currently, evidence-based recommendations to ameliorate this condition are lacking. The researchers will investigate the ability of methylphenidate to improve fatigue and cognition in pediatric brain tumor survivors suffering from cancer-related fatigue. Methylphenidate is a drug (central nervous stimulant) most commonly used in the treatment of hyperkinetic disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). If methylphenidate shows an effect, the prospects are important for this patient group, since methylphenidate may then be included as part of the treatment of brain tumor-related fatigue.

This is a pilot project to explore the utility of PET-MRI in the post-treatment surveillance of high-grade gliomas or medulloblastomas in children in our institution.

This is a prospective, open-label, multicentric study designed to correlate the dose delivered to the hippocampus with declarative memory deficits 2 years after radiotherapy treatment in a paediatric population who had received brain irradiation between the ages of 4 and 12 for a brain tumour. In order to meet this objective, several neuropsychological assessments consisting of parental questionnaires and cognitive tests will be carried out during the course of the study, at the following two stages: * A 1st assessment at patient inclusion, i.e. 2 years after the end of radiotherapy treatment, * And a second assessment 2 years after patient inclusion, i.e. 4 years after the end of radiotherapy treatment. A retrospective assessment of the patient's neurocognitive level 1 year before the diagnosis of the disease will also be carried out at inclusion, with the parents completing a questionnaire specifically designed for the trial. In addition, patients who have received their radiotherapy treatment at the IUCT-O will be offered participation in the ancillary imaging study. If the parents and the patient agree, multimodal MRI scans specific to the study (without injection of contrast) will be performed at inclusion and 2 years after inclusion. Imaging and radiotherapy data will be collected in parallel using the PediaRT software used in current practice (collection of radiotherapy dosimetric data as well as standard MRI examinations pre-operatively, post-operatively, and at the 2-year and 4-year follow-up). 130 patients will be included in this study.

The purpose of this research study is to test the safety and effectiveness of a cell therapy at different doses for children and young adults with recurrent or progressive brain tumors. Recurrent/recurred means a tumor that has gone away and then came back. This cell therapy is called B7- H3.CD28Z.CART, referred to as B7-H3 CAR T cells. B7-H3 is a protein that is over-expressed on many tumor cells, making it a good target for cancer cell therapy. The names of the study investigational therapies involved in this study are: * Fludarabine (a type of chemotherapy) * Cyclophosphamide (a type of chemotherapy) * B7-H3 CAR T cells (a type of cellular therapy)

Children diagnosed with benign or low-grade brain tumors often require radiation therapy to control their disease. While radiation can be effective, traditional techniques using X-rays (photon-based radiotherapy) expose healthy brain tissue to radiation, potentially leading to long-term side effects like memory loss, learning difficulties, hormone imbalances, hearing problems, and a higher risk of secondary cancers. This study, called the IMPORT Trial, aims to compare two types of radiation therapy-Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)-to determine which is safer and more effective for children. IMPT, a newer technique, uses protons instead of X-rays to deliver radiation, reducing exposure to healthy brain tissue. Researchers believe this could help minimize long-term damage while maintaining effective tumor control. What is the goal of the study? The primary goal is to see if IMPT leads to better survival with fewer side effects compared to IMRT. The study will track how well children function over five years, looking at: * Cognitive abilities (memory, attention, learning) * Hormonal balance (pituitary gland function) * Hearing ability * Overall survival without significant decline in quality of life How will the study work? * Who can join? Children aged 6 to 16 years diagnosed with certain types of benign or low-grade brain tumors. * How are patients treated? Patients will be randomly assigned to receive either IMRT or IMPT. * What is analysed? Doctors will track survival, tumor control, cognitive function, endocrine health, and quality of life over time. * How long will it take? The study will last 10 years (5 years to enroll patients, 5 years to follow up). Proton therapy is more expensive and not widely available, so strong scientific evidence is needed to justify its use in routine treatment. If IMPT significantly improves quality of life and survival, it could become the preferred treatment, shaping future policies and making proton therapy more accessible for children who need it.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the clinical and nutritional effectiveness of ketogenic diet (KD) in pediatric patients with genetic, neurological or metabolic conditions requiring KD. The main question\[s\] it aims to answer are: * does KD support adequate growth? * does KD improve clinical symptoms? * how does KD impact quality of life? Participants will be followed up as per clinical practice

The purpose of this study is to test the safety and efficacy of iC9-GD2-CAR T-cells, a third generation (4.1BB-CD28) CAR T cell treatment targeting GD2 in paediatric or young adult patients affected by relapsed/refractory malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In order to improve the safety of the approach, the suicide gene inducible Caspase 9 (iC9) has been included.

The REMIT (RE-irradiation of diffuse MIdline glioma paTients) study evaluates safety and the palliative efficacy of re-irradiation of patients with diffuse midline glioma (DMG). The study will introduce a standard re-irradiation treatment schedule for DMG patients who have progressed following primary treatment.

Primary malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common childhood malignancies. Amongst, medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood and occur primarily in the cerebellum. According to molecular characteristics, medulloblastomas were classified into four subtypes: WNT, SHH, Group3 and Group4 and different prognosis were noticed between subgroups. Several genetic predispositions related to clinical outcome were also discovered and might influence the treatment of medulloblastomas as novel pharmaceutical targets. This study aims to investigate genetic and cellular profiles of pediatric brain malignancies, mostly medulloblastomas, and other central nervous system tumor based on WGS, RNA-seq, single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. We also aim to investigate the correlation between genetic characteristics and clinical prognosis.