Coronavirus

Background: Respiratory viruses circulate throughout the year and around the globe. Wearable and sensor devices, like smartwatches, may be able to help monitor infectious diseases. Researchers want to use them to learn how respiratory viruses affect people in different ways. Objective: To use digital devices to collect data from participants in challenge studies that could indicate subtle changes in health during an infection that might otherwise go unnoticed. Eligibility: Healthy adults who have enrolled, were recently enrolled, or are scheduled to enroll in a challenge study. Design: Participants will stay at NIH for the duration of the challenge study (at least 9 days) and then will have outpatient follow-up visits (2-4). While at NIH, participants will wear a smartwatch at all times. It will record data like temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, and movements. Participants will have a smartphone that records at all times to listen for coughing and changes in voice. Participants will perform tasks every 4 hours during the daytime. They will record themselves coughing, breathing in deeply, and reading aloud. They will take videos of their face. They will play a game to test their reflexes and focus. They will measure their head temperature with their smartwatch. For outpatient visits, participants will use one smartphone and the smartwatch to complete the above tasks. Participants will be sent a smartwatch to wear at home at night to collect additional healthy data. Participation will last the duration of each challenge study, and may range from 10 weeks to 2 years.

In addition to SarsCov2, the main viral respiratory risks are associated with influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) parainfluenza virus (PIV), adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus and others. HMPV is a respiratory virus discovered in 2001. Like RSV, it appears to be a threat in terms of morbidity and mortality in susceptible populations. Overall, viral infections can cause significant functional decline in older patients, with 67% and 25% reported to be at least temporarily housebound or bedridden, respectively. Respiratory viral infections prevent older patients from functioning and performing their daily tasks. They therefore have a significant impact on the older patients and their families. In addition, respiratory viruses are key factors in the exacerbation of chronic diseases. The aims of this study are to provide a better understanding of the role of hMPV compared to common respiratory viruses on morbimortality, risk of dependency, quality of life alteration in older inpatients.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, testing primarily relied on the use of nasopharyngeal swabs to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the disease. However, this technique has several limitations, including the variable quality of swabs, its invasive nature, and arbitrariness in the choice of the number of cycles. Furthermore, it does not allow for the detection of viral proteins. To overcome these limitations, researchers developed the eBAM-CoV test, patented for the detection of viral proteins in the exhaled air of COVID-19 patients. This portable device provides an immediate assessment of the "viral load" with both quantitative and qualitative results, showing promise for early virus detection. The researchers hypothesize that the eBAM-CoV test is likely to exhibit a satisfactory concordance with the reference RT-PCR test in the detection of COVID-19, especially among symptomatic patients or closed contacts.

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread all around the world and testing has posed a challenge globally. Health care providers are highly exposed and are an important group to test. On top of these concerns, health care workers are also stressed by the needs on responders in the COVID-19 crisis. The investigators will look at different ways to measure how common COVID-19 is among health care workers, how common is the presence of antibodies by serological tests (also known as serostatus). The investigators will describe health worker mental and emotional well-being and their coping strategies in their institutional settings. Lastly, the investigators will describe how knowing serostatus can affect individuals' mental and emotional well-being and how to cope in the midst of the COVID-19 response. This will help to how to better test and help healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic and prepare for possible future outbreaks.

Aerosol Generating Medical Procedures (AGMP) are procedures that have the potential to create tiny particles suspended in the air. These particles can contain germs such as viruses. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience unusually high rates of critical illness that needs advanced airway management and intensive care unit admission. Bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation, endotracheal Intubation (ETI) and chest compressions are sometimes required for critically ill COVID-19 patients, and may contribute to a high risk of infection amongst Health Care Workers (HCW). To lessen HCW risk during high-risk procedures, a device called an aerosol box has been developed to place over the head of the patient, shielding the provider's face from virus droplets suspended in the air. The purpose of this research study is to better understand how particles disperse during AGMPs, more specifically during the provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The project team hopes what is learned from the project can help inform infection control measures. This could help make changes to the clinical environment and make it safer for HCW's. The investigators intend to explore how an aerosol box performs in reducing contamination of HCW's who perform critical airway interventions during resuscitation events.

The study aims to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of one dose vs two doses of a T-cell priming next-generation vaccine against Coronavirus disease.

The project is an epidemiological observational study based on an electronic questionnaire on risk factors for COVID-19 in the community and healthcare setting.

Covid-19 has spread rapidly throughout the world causing widespread panic, death, and injury. While this virus is the provocateur, it is often the patient's own disproportionate immune response which deals the most devastating (and often fatal) damage. A specific part of the immune system, known as the complement, has been shown to cause such damage in other types of coronaviruses. In the SOLID-C19 study, Soliris (Eculizumab) will be used to modulate the activity of the distal complement preventing the formation of the membrane attack complex. By modulating this portion of the immune response, mortality can be halted while the patient has time to recover from the virus with supportive medical care.