Dialysis; Complications

This cross-sectional study aims to assess awareness regarding arteriovenous fistula creation among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, including pre-dialysis patients and those receiving maintenance hemodialysis, at Assiut University Hospital.

This research is being done to better understand the impact of the use of a specific physical activity training program (GH Method) in dialysis/kidney disease patients.

An estimated 10-15% of critically ill patients with acute kidney failure in the intensive care unit receive acute dialysis therapy. The majority of these patients initially receive a continuous form of dialysis therapy call continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Prior studies have suggested that higher CRRT dose-intensity improved health outcomes for these patients; however, this was not found in high-quality clinical trials. These more recent trials suggested a lower range of dose-intensity compared with the higher range as the new standard of care. This was incorporated into guidelines. To date, no clinical trials have evaluated this lower range and specifically, it is plausible that an even lower dose-intensity of CRRT may be well tolerated, safe, associated with similar outcomes and be more cost-effective. This is the objective of the WISDOM trial, to compare the guideline standard with lower dose-intensity among patients who are started on CRRT in the intensive care unit.

As Korea is becoming a super-aged society, the number of elderly patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is expected to increase rapidly. Therefore, the burden on Korean society will also increase. Thrice-weekly hemodialysis is standard for renal replacement therapy. However, this regimen has not been validated for elderly ESKD patients with residual renal function. Elderly patients can have multiple comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and impaired physical activity. Frequent hemodialysis could provoke falls, hypotension, and cognitive impairment. Previous reports have suggested the potential benefit of twice-weekly hemodialysis with incremental increases in frequency when residual renal function decreases. In addition, twice-weekly hemodialysis decreases hospitalization rates in frail patients. Therefore, the investigators hypothesized initiating renal replacement therapy with twice-weekly hemodialysis decreases the hopsitalizatoin rates compared with conventional thrice-weekly hemodialysis in elderly ESRD patients with residual renal function. This study is a pragmatic randomized clinical trial, multicenter study. Study subjects are incident ESRD patients (\>= 60 years old, n=428) with residual urine volume ( \> 500 mL/day) and follow up up to 2 years. Twice-weekly hemodialysis could be incremented according to clinical situations such as volume overload, hyperkalemia and uremic symptom. Primary outcome of this study is hospitalization rate during follow-up. Secondary outcomes include dialysis related hospitalization rate, the length of hospital stay, complication of dialysis,mortality rate and assessments of quality of life, frailty, and cost-utility.

Acute kidney injury is a potentially life threatening condition which affects 1 in 2 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Patients often need dialysis treatment, also called renal replacement therapy. Renal replacement therapy is a treatment that removes toxins and excess fluid from the blood stream. It consists of having a small plastic catheter in a vein in the neck or in the groin through which blood flows through a dialysis machine and is cleansed and excess water is removed. The cleansed blood is then returned to the patient via the same catheter. One of the major areas of uncertainty for doctors in the ICU is "What is the right intensity of renal replacement therapy for patients with acute kidney injury?" A higher intensity indeed removes more toxins but also removes other substances in the blood, including vitamins, nutrients and important medications. The current usual dose is around 25 ml/kg/hr but clinical practice in the UK is very variable and some patients routinely receive higher doses and some get lower doses. Data from large databases worldwide have suggested that a lower dose is safe and effective and may potentially allow the kidneys to recover faster but confirmation is lacking. In this study, the investigators investigate whether renal replacement therapy at a lower intensity is as effective and safe as currently used doses. Participants will be randomised to receiving renal replacement therapy at usual or lower intensity. There will be no change to any other aspects of treatment. The results will inform the investigators whether the study protocol is feasible and how best to design a future larger research study.

This is a pivotal, interventional, prospective, single-arm, open-label, multi-site clinical investigation intended to support FDA clearance of the study device based on the safety and efficacy of the device in cannulating arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for hemodialysis procedures.

This study is a prospective, multicenter, parallel-controlled, open-label clinical trial, planned to be conducted across multiple research centers in various provinces and cities in China. It will enroll 240 dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (DD-CKD) patients with anemia who have been receiving rHuEPO treatment for at least 4 weeks, with hemoglobin (Hb) levels of ≥70 g/L and \<110 g/L. After enrollment, participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to the experimental group, control group, and exploratory group. The study will involve a 24-week treatment and observation period, divided into three phases: a screening period (Day -28 to Day -1), a treatment period (Week 0 to Week 16), and an extension period (Week 17 to Week 24). The primary objective is to assess the impact of the three treatment regimens on the hemoglobin levels of patients with DD-CKD anemia.

Background: Severe acute kidney injury (AKI) among critically ill patients is sometimes treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT), and in Sweden continuous RRT (CRRT) is the dominant modality used in this population. * The optimal timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is unknown * No consensus to guide clinical practice on this issue * Lack of consistency regarding outcome measurements; should we look at morbidity or mortality? * Wide variability in the timing of RRT initiation in the intensive care unit (ICU) population Hypothesis: This is an important knowledge gap in the support of critically ill patients with AKI and we hypothesize that early initiation of RRT is beneficial. Methods: The present study aims to test this hypothesis by using a large scale high resolution intensive care database, the Clinisoft repository. In this database, we have information on \>60 000 patients from three different hospitals and five ICUs, during the years 2005 up until today. The repository will be crossmatched, using the unique Swedish national ID number, with hospital records; to gather information on preexisting illnesses, chronic medication and post-ICU outcomes. It is likely that over 5%, more than 3000 patients, have been treated with RRT. We will categorize these patients into "early" and "late" groups using both biomarker data and clinical data. Importantly, early and late RRT can be categorized using biomarkers, like urea and creatinine; using degree of fluid accumulation, by level of pH in blood and just by using hours-days after ICU admission. All possible definitions of early/late RRT initiation can be tested in this study. Outcomes: Our primary outcome is 90 day mortality. Secondary outcomes include: mortality at 30, 60, 180 and 365 days. Two- and three year mortality. Morbidity, measured as end-stage renal disease (ESRD) for 90-day survivors. ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay.

Thyroid dysfunction is a prevalent endocrine disorder that significantly impacts the health of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those undergoing dialysis. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in dialysis patients has been reported to range from 20% to 60%, highlighting the need for routine screening and management in this vulnerable group (Kuo et al., 2024). Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, and their dysregulation can lead to complications such as cardiovascular disease, anemia, and impaired quality of life, which are particularly concerning in the dialysis population (Smith et al., 2024). The relationship between CKD and thyroid dysfunction is complex and multifactorial. Uremic toxins can interfere with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, leading to alterations in thyroid hormone production and metabolism. Recent studies have shown that inflammation and oxidative stress associated with CKD can further exacerbate thyroid dysfunction (Johnson et al., 2024). Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing effective management strategies for thyroid health in dialysis patients.

This research aims to assess the effect of low versus high dialysate sodium concentration during hemodialysis on dialysis recovery time

Patients performing chronic hemodialysis (HD) retain more or less water between dialyses. The water is removed by ultrafiltration and usually during the cleansing of waste products - the HD. The length of HD is usually the same as the time of fluid removal while sometimes this may differ. There is no clear guideline. In previous research the investigator noted that the heart releases more NT-pro-BNP during HD in numerous of the patients. The present study aims to clarify if the speed of fluid removal during HD is a factor that may alter the release of cardiac markers during HD. If so the recommendations for the prescription of HD can be updated.

This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional, repeated-measures comparative study compared functional and biochemical response profiles to exercise between 2 groups of chronically ill patients (chronic renal failure dialysis patients and patients with metabolic syndrome) and a group of healthy subjects. The hypothesis is that the addition of plasma metabolic intermediates associated with energy disorders linked to insulin resistance, will improve the sensitivity of the assessment of muscle oxidative metabolism abnormalities, as reported in exercise intolerant subjects. In this way, the metabolomics approach during exercise would provide a biological and functional "signature" of insulin resistance of muscular origin, discriminating between insulin-resistant patients, healthy control subjects and dialysis patients, with an exercise metabolic profile approaching that observed in insulin-resistant patients. A better understanding of metabolic abnormalities could guide muscle rehabilitation. Participants will be asked to perform an exercise test, with several blood samples taken at different exercise intensities. Researchers will compare the metabolic profile of three groups: patients with chronic kidney disease, patients with metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects: * V'O2-adjusted lactate at rest and during exercise * The combination of exercise energy metabolism intermediates reflecting insulin resistance among Krebs cycle cofactors/substrates, ß-oxidation cofactors/substrates, amino acids

This study aims to determine which type of distal arteriovenous fistula (SBAVF, RCAVF, and RCAVF with venous branch patch) is most clinically favorable. The recommendations and scientific evidence do not suggest which option should be chosen initially. The investigators expect that results will show which type of the anastomosis should be preferred.

The aim of the research study is to look at a new type of MRI scanning that can measure the amount of sodium in different parts of the body. Sodium (or 'salt') levels are very important in maintaining health, and high levels lead to high blood pressure. This is very important to patients with kidney disease, as the kidney is the main organ that regulates the amount of sodium in the body. It is possible to measure blood sodium levels, but this does not tell us how much sodium is present in other areas of the body. Previously, it has not been possible measure this. Sodium MRI (Na-MRI) is a new type of MRI scanning that can directly measure sodium in other parts of body such as skin, muscles, kidneys, and brain. The investigators believe that this will help to guide treatment in patients with kidney disease who are on haemodialysis, research studies are needed to prove the benefits.

Comparison nafamostat and low molecular weight heparin among dialysis patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent worldwide and affects around 10% of people living in developed health economies. As the kidney loses its function in patients with CKD, the kidneys are unable to filter toxins out of the blood as efficiently as those of healthy individuals. Arguably, sodium (salt) is the most relevant toxin in CKD and can build up in the kidneys of patients with CKD. Salt build-up has also been found to occur in the heart muscle tissue and could drive the development of scarring of the heart muscle tissue which contributes to heart failure. Using sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we would like to measure the levels of salt in the heart muscle tissue. We will examine whether the heart muscle tissue has high salt levels, and if so, whether this relates to any heart defects. A conventional proton MRI will be done to measure heart function. The MRI images of healthy volunteers, CKD patients, and those on hemodialysis will be analyzed for levels of salt and the findings will then be compared to the cardiac biomarkers (proteins or enzymes that are released into the blood when the heart is damaged or stressed) and fibrosis (scarring) measured from each patient's proton MRI images to establish a possible correlation. This research has the potential to precede additional studies that may investigate the effect of diuretics (a drug that increases the production of urine) on the heart muscle tissue of CKD patients. Using sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is possible to measure the sodium content in the cardiac tissue of patients with kidney disease. In this research study, it will be investigated whether the elevated levels of sodium in patients with kidney disease is also present in their hearts, and if so, whether this relates to cardiac abnormalities. Cardiac sodium MRI images of healthy volunteers, hemodialysis patients, and CKD patients will be analyzed for sodium content. This sodium information will then be compared to the biomarkers of cardiac function and fibrosis measured from each patient's proton MRI images in order to establish a possible correlation. This research has the potential to precede additional studies that may investigate the effect of diuretics on the cardiac tissue of kidney disease patients.

Older patients with end- stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at very high risk for functional impairment. Kidney transplantation (KT) has the potential to ameliorate the detrimental effects of ESKD on physical activity and functional status. However, KT alone may not meet the full extent of this potential, particularly for older or more impaired adults. In fact, activity declines immediately post-KT and fails to return to expected levels even 5 years post-KT. Older patients waitlisted for KT (most of whom are on dialysis) are therefore reliant on their pre-KT levels of exercise, which are also predictive of post-KT mortality. "Prehabilitation" has been used in other surgical populations to minimize functional loss, and a structured exercise program may be beneficial in the pre- KT setting. However, few waitlisted patients are able to participate in typical exercise interventions due to barriers such as severe fatigue. Older patients have additional barriers such as further mobility impairment and requiring substantial caregiver support. Therefore for older living donor kidney transplant candidates, it is necessary to address issues such as specifics of coaching, timing, and importantly, incorporate caregiver participation. The overall objective of this proposal is to adapt a previously developed 8- week, home- based, structured exercise program among older (≥50 years) dialysis patients awaiting living donor KT, with a focus on caregiver involvement. The investigators will trial the exercise program as compared to usual care. The investigators will then pilot the refined intervention in a total of 72 patient-caregiver dyads, 48 of whom will undergo the proposed intervention (24 with caregiver participation, 24 without). The primary outcomes for the pilot will be change in physical performance and activity from baseline to after the intervention, along with measurements of exploratory quality of life outcomes. In addition, the investigators will measure these same outcomes at 3- months post KT to evaluate for a durable effect of the intervention. An additional post-transplantation outcome of interest will be number of days hospitalized within 3 months of transplantation.

To estimate the characteristics, pathogenesis, risk factors and intervention measures for different stages of heart and kidney diseases, and to optimize the curative effects of different treatment schemes