Education, Medical

The study is a feasibility pilot trial testing 2 types of training protocols on a single physician. The first training protocol is the current standard and was developed in high-income settings. The second training protocol will be developed so tailored to the Nigerian setting. Investigators will test if the physician performs differently in their ability to conduct anal cancer screening and treatment between the 2 training protocols.

This multicenter randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the impact of temporary visual deprivation of the medical team leader on non-technical skills and team performance during high-fidelity simulated medical emergencies. The intervention is based on principles of crisis resource management and cognitive load theory. Team performance will be assessed using validated scoring tools immediately after the intervention and at three months follow-up.

Primary Objective: Score out of 44 on a validated test of anatomy and sono-anatomy Secondary Objective: Before training * Handedness (Edinburgh Handedness Inventory) * Subjective sleepiness (Karolinska scale) * Motor reaction time (Psychomotor Vigilance test) * Attention control (Anti-Saccade test) * Mental rotation (Mental Rotation Task) * Depression Anxiety, Stress (DASS score) * Visual Search Task (Divided Attention) * Knowledge pretraining After training and testing * Knowledge after training session * Acceptability: Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) * Usability: CyberSickness in Virtual Reality Questionnaire (CSQ-VR) * Immersion: Witmer and Singer Presence Questionnaire * Subjective workload (NASA - TLX scale) * Cognitive Demand Battery (CBD) * Resource use: Calculation of cost differences between learning Modalities Study population: Resident anaesthetists Recruitment Target: 102 Methodology: This is a non-clinical randomised controlled trial of resident anaesthetists undergoing training in regional anaesthesia. Residents will be randomised to one of two groups for each training session day: * Standard anatomical training (Group A) * Virtual reality based anatomical training. (Group B) Then followed by another training day session and participants will enter either standard or VR teaching depending on the previous allocation: * Standard anatomical training (Group B) * Virtual reality based anatomical training. (Group A) Anatomical knowledge will be tested in both groups using an on-line questionnaire developed by the Chief Investigator. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria: 1. Anaesthetists that are residents in a recognised Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA) training program 2. Anaesthetic training grades (Stage 1 - 3). Exclusion criteria: 1. Visual impairment (this does not include wearing glasses/contact lenses) 2. History of severe diseases affecting physical motion or balance 3. History of any drugs that may affect physical motion or balance within 12 hours of the intervention 4. Pregnancy 5. Individuals who had consumed alcohol within 24 h of the intervention. 6. Resident doctors not in a recognised RCOA training program e.g. Staff grade anaesthetists. Study treatment: Standard teaching - control Virtual reality teaching - intervention

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether a new 3D-printed eyeball movement simulator improves medical education compared to traditional teaching methods. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does using the 3D simulator help medical students better understand eye anatomy and muscle function compared to standard lectures and textbooks? How do students rate the usability and effectiveness of this new teaching tool? Researchers will compare two groups of medical students: One group will learn using the 3D simulator The other group will receive standard teaching methods Participants will: 1. Complete a pre-test to assess their baseline knowledge 2. Attend training sessions using either the 3D simulator or standard methods 3. Take a post-test to measure learning improvement 4. Provide feedback about their learning experience 5. Take a post-intervention exam and satisfaction survey 6. Participate in focus groups about their learning experience The study will help determine if interactive 3D models can enhance medical education about eye movements.

Purpose: This educational trial aims to assess whether plastination models for neuroanatomy training (limbic system, basal ganglia, cerebellum, spinal cord)" improve medical students' understanding of central nervous system anatomy compared to traditional educational methods. It will also evaluate student satisfaction with this teaching tool. Key Questions: 1. Do plastination models for neuroanatomy training (limbic system, basal ganglia, cerebellum, spinal cord) enhance test scores in neuroanatomy examinations? 2. How do students perceive the educational value of these models? Study Design: Researchers will compare two teaching methods: * Intervention group: Learns using plastination models for neuroanatomy training (limbic system, basal ganglia, cerebellum, spinal cord) * Control group: Learns using standard 2D atlases, power point and plastic models Participants will: 1. Complete a pre-intervention anatomy knowledge test 2. Attend 4 weekly neuroanatomy sessions using their assigned method 3. Take a post-intervention exam and satisfaction survey 4. Participate in focus groups about their learning experience

This research focuses on one of the most common problems in newborn medicine: breathing difficulties. Breathing problems are the most common reason for admission to our neonatal unit at the National Maternity Hospital. When a baby has serious breathing difficulty, inserting a breathing tube to place them on a ventilator can be lifesaving. A breathing tube must be placed through the vocal cords into the windpipe (trachea). A device called a laryngoscope is placed in a patients mouth to allow the doctor to see the vocal cords and insert the tube correctly. The skill of placing this breathing tube (intubation) is important for doctors and specialists to learn so that they can confidently perform it in an emergency. In the past, doctors had more opportunities during their training to learn and practice this with supervision from seniors. In recent years, babies, thankfully, need to be intubated less frequently and doctors working hours are better regulated. As a result, junior doctors have less chances to perform this skill. There is a need to improve how we teach the procedure of intubating babies to doctors in training to meet the needs of trainees today. The investigators want to perform a study to help teach doctors in training how to perform intubation of a newborn using a video laryngoscope. The team are looking to assess if showing a short educational video to the doctor and team just before performing an intubation using a video laryngoscope will reduce the time the procedure takes. This is called a "Just-in-Time" video. The investigators aim to demonstrate a benefit by performing a randomised control trial. This means that when a baby requires intubation as decided by their treating doctors, the team will be randomly allocated to view a "Just-in-Time" video before performing the intubation or not. The investigators will then compare the two groups to see if there is a difference in the total time the procedure takes.