Hemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation

This study will compare intravenous magnesium sulfate with intravenous lidocaine for reducing the cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. Eligible participants will receive either magnesium sulfate or lidocaine before endotracheal intubation. Heart rate and blood pressure will be recorded at predefined time points before and after intubation to compare the effectiveness of the two interventions in attenuating the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation lead to tachycardia and hypertension due to increase in the plasma catecholamines subsequent to sympathetic stimulation.