Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

This randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial will compare flexible nephroscopy-assisted single-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy with conventional multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with complex unilateral renal stones. The primary outcome is stone-free rate at 3 months, and secondary outcomes include operative time, fluoroscopy time, hemoglobin drop, transfusion rate, hospital stay, complications, need for auxiliary procedures, and cost-effectiveness.

Our aim was to investigate the effect of quadro iliac plane block on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery and to determine which areas of the skin this block anesthetizes.

The climate crisis and environmental pollution are escalating day by day, making the reduction of carbon footprints increasingly important both on an individual and industrial level. Inhalational anesthetic agents are widely used in daily anesthesia practice. However, some of these agents are released into the environment either unchanged or as metabolic by-products. It can take hundreds of years for these substances to be fully eliminated from nature. Therefore, there is a growing interest in identifying alternative anesthetic agents that are fully metabolized, do not produce waste, have a shorter duration of action, and pose less harm to ecosystems. Recent clinical studies have shown that dexmedetomidine, when administered intraoperatively via infusion without a loading dose and in combination with inhalational agents, provides more stable hemodynamics and results in a shorter postoperative recovery period. Commonly used as a long-term sedative agent in intensive care units, dexmedetomidine has gained popularity in the intraoperative setting due to its stable hemodynamic profile, low incidence of withdrawal symptoms, and faster recovery. In this study, it is aimed to demonstrate the potential use of dexmedetomidine-whose pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties are well-known to experienced anesthesiologists-as an alternative to inhalational anesthetic agents for the maintenance of anesthesia, particularly in the geriatric patient population.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of spinal anesthesia as an alternative to general anesthesia in PCNL operation in supine position.

In this study, investigators compared the systemic inflammatory responses after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) patients who were given an expanded empirical antibiotic regimen based on the prediction of the possibility of bacteria identified by Gram staining the first urine after renal puncture and patients whose antibiotic regimen was not performed and whose antibiotic regimen was adjusted according to patient symptoms and culture results. Investigators aimed to test its diagnostic value in predicting and preventing complications.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn the effect of ear electroacupuncture BFA therapy in reducing pain, analgesic dose, and improving patient quality of live post percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does BFA ear electroacupuncture reduce postoperative pain of percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery better than sham electroacupuncture group? * Does BFA ear electroacupuncture reduce postoperative analgesic dose of percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery better than sham electroacupuncture group? * Does BFA ear electroacupuncture improve postoperative quality of life of percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery better than sham electroacupuncture group? Researchers will compare ear electroacupuncture BFA to sham electroacupuncture to see the different analgesia effect between these groups. Participants will: * Get ear electroacupuncture BFA or sham electroacupuncture therapy, 2 hours before surgery for 30 minutes * Take drug paracetamol 1000 mg intravenous after surgery according to the needs of the patient's pain complaints after surgery in both groups

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) is a surgical method for upper urinary calculi. The advent of tubeless PCNL (without indwelling nephrostomy tube) has been proved to be safe and effective in reducing postoperative discomfort, shortening hospitalization time and reducing hospitalization costs. Traditional tubeless PCNL usually involves retrograde insertion of the ureteral catheter, which may cause many ureteral related surgical complications. However, there are few reports on tubeless PCNL without reverse ureteral catheter insertion. The goal of this study is to explore the safety and effectiveness of the tubeless PCNL without reverse ureteral catheter insertion.