Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

This prospective observational cohort study evaluates whether respiratory-cycle variation in internal jugular vein (IJV) diameter, measured by point-of-care ultrasound, correlates with clinical disease severity in infants 1-23 months of age presenting with acute bronchiolitis. Using a standardized M-mode protocol, the IJV Variability Index (\[IJVmax-IJVmin\]/IJVmax x 100) will be calculated and compared with the Wang Bronchiolitis Severity Score, four additional validated clinical severity instruments (Modified Tal Score, Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument, Kristjansson Respiratory Score, Respiratory Assessment Change Score), oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, need for high-flow nasal cannula or supplemental oxygen, pediatric intensive care unit admission, and length of hospital stay. Concurrent lung and diaphragm point-of-care ultrasound will be performed to build a multimodal ultrasound severity model. No intervention is assigned; all ultrasound assessments are performed in addition to standard clinical care and do not alter treatment decisions.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the antiviral effect of S-337395 compared with placebo among nonhospitalized adult participants with high-risk factors for progression to severe RSV infection starting intervention within 72 hours of RSV symptom onset.

This Phase 1/2a trial is a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of two ascending doses (10\^6 PFU and 10\^7 PFU) of intranasal BLB-201 (a recombinant parainfluenza virus type 5) administered in infants (8-24 months of age) and children (18-59 months of age) who may or may not have had prior respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

This study will use a retrospective cohort design and will be conducted within routinely collected national healthcare and statutory demographic datasets held by PHS and National Records of Scotland (NRS). As such, there will be no active enrollment of study participants, no direct contact with study participants, no collection of any primary data outside of the standard of care (SOC), and no requirement for informed consent. This study design was chosen due to several advantages, over other possible designs, including the ability to evaluate incidence of study outcomes in exposed and unexposed infants, ability to follow infants longitudinally to evaluate study outcomes through 12 months of age, and ability to evaluate all-cause outcomes. Study endpoints, including RSV-associated LRTD hospitalization and RSV-associated hospitalization, among infants born to ABRYSVO-vaccinated mothers (exposed group) will be compared with those among infants born to ABRYSVO-unvaccinated mothers (comparison group) initially from birth through 6 months of age, with later analysis from birth through 12 months as the infants reach this age threshold and their data become available.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of interferon α1b (GB05) in the treatment of children under 2 years of age with respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is recognized worldwide as a significant pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infection in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients, which may cause bronchiolitis or pneumonia, and affect the cardiovascular system, central nervous system and the renal system, resulting in hospitalization and death risks in children and also high-risk adults, particularly the elderly. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Ziresovir (AK0529) compared to placebo with respect to the time to resolution of RSV lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) symptoms.

The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of two doses (dose A and dose B) of Standardized Conditioned Medium Obtained by Coculture of M2-macrophages and fat-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (PRS CK STORM) in the modulation of the cytokine storm in participants with acute respiratory infection caused by SARS-Cov-2, influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in need for oxygen therapy. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Are both doses of PRS CK STORM (dose A and dose B) safe as an intravenous drug to modulate inflammatory processes, such as the cytokine storm in participants with SIRS caused by SARS-Cov-2, influenza A, influenza B and RSV? * Are both doses of PRS CK STORM (dose A and dose B) effective as an intravenous drug to modulate SIRS-associated cytokine storm caused by SARS-Cov-2, influenza A, influenza B and RSV compared to the control group? * What are the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles after treatment with two different doses of PRS CK STORM in participants with SIRS caused by SARS-Cov-2, influenza A, influenza B and RSV? Researchers will compare both doses of PRS CK STORM with the control group to test whether the anti-inflammatory action of PRS CK STORM is safe and effective in modulating the cytokine storm for the treatment of SIRS caused by SARS-Cov-2, influenza A, influenza B and RSV. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles after treatment PRS CK STORM compared to placebo group in these participants will be also studied.

The primary objective of the phase I trial is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of different doses of the recombinant respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (CHO cell) (Adjuvanted) in adults aged 18 years and older, with the secondary objective being to assess its immunogenicity. The primary objectives of the phase II trial are to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the recombinant respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (CHO cell) (Adjuvanted) with different adjuvant ratios in adults aged 60 years and older, with the secondary objective being to evaluate the persistence of immune responses.

The study will evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a single injection of up to 4 dose levels of IN006 in younger adults and 3 dose levels of IN006 in older adults; of a revaccination of IN006 given approximately 12 months after the initial vaccination in older adults.

The overarching hypothesis of the ARRC trial is that administration of Azithromycin (AZM) during acute, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-induced respiratory failure will be beneficial, mediated through the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 pathway.

This observational, prospective, multicenter study aims to estimate the proportion of RSV infection in adults aged 60 years and older hospitalized due to acute respiratory infections or exacerbation of cardiopulmonary disease.

A short description, 5000 characters Intro: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a frequent, ubiquitous agent of respiratory viral infections. It is the leading viral cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants and also causes significant morbidity and mortality in adults, especially in the elderly, in patients with cardiorespiratory comorbidities \[e.g., patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and/or heart failure\], and in immunocompromised patients. Clinical phenotyping of RSV respiratory infections has shown that the occurrence of LRTI in RSV-infected patients is associated with the need for ventilatory support and an increased risk of mortality. Virological data also suggest that there is a relationship between high nasopharyngeal viral replication levels and a poor prognosis, although these data have not been confirmed in other studies. Beyond viral load, the impact of viral subtypes on the severity of RSV infection is controversial. Few data have explored the prognostic value of genetic diversity (i.e., role of RSV variants, mutations occurring during clinical course) in RSV-infected adult patients with acute respiratory failure. Objective: The main goal of the present study is to identify and validate biomarkers associated with RSV severity in adults infected with RSV that will be useful to guide treatment decisions in the future. This study will additionally characterize the thus far unknown genetic diversity of RSV in hospitalized adults with severe and mild infections, in order to anticipate virological escape mechanisms from current and future treatments. Method: This is a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with RSV infection admitted to the hospital. These patients will be followed-up for 28 days. Nasopharyngeal samples will be obtained sequentially (i.e., at day 0, day 3-4, day 5-7, and day 14 of inclusion) for virological and transcriptomic analyses. Blood samples will also be collected at day 0 (EDTA tubes and Paxgene tubes) for peripheral transcriptomic analyses and plasma banking. The 100 first patients included in the study will be allocated to the development cohort and the last 100 patients will be allocated to the validation cohort.

This household-based prospective cohort study aims to stablish the household transmission of Respiratory syncytial virus and S. pneumoniae especially in the elderly and infants/children as well as inter-relationship between S. pneumoniae and Respiratory syncytial virus.