Clinical trials

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the degree of compliance with the ABCDEF bundle and its relationship with clinical outcomes in adult patients (aged 18 and older) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America for at least 48 hours. The main questions it aims to answer are: What is the prevalence, cumulative incidence, and duration of delirium in adult ICU patients in Latin America? Is higher compliance with the ABCDEF bundle (low \[\<33%\], moderate \[33%-66%\], high \[\>66%\]) independently associated with a lower prevalence, cumulative incidence, and duration of delirium? Does higher ABCDEF bundle compliance improve functional mobility at hospital discharge and long-term cognitive, psychological, and quality-of-life outcomes at 3 and 6 months post-discharge? Researchers will compare three groups based on their level of ABCDEF bundle compliance (low \[\<33%\], moderate \[33%-66%\], and high \[\>66%\]) to see if higher bundle adherence improves delirium and long-term post-ICU functional outcomes. Participants will: Receive standard ICU care without experimental intervention. Undergo daily assessments for delirium (using CAM-ICU) and physical mobility (using ICU Mobility Scale) during their ICU stay. Complete telephone follow-up evaluations at 3 months post-discharge to assess cognitive function (BCAT-ICU/MoCA) and psychological symptoms (HADS, DSPS). Complete follow-up evaluations at 6 months post-discharge to assess cognitive function (full MoCA), psychological symptoms (HADS, DSPS), and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L).

This study aims to prospectively validate the diagnostic accuracy of an effort-stratified Cough Peak Flow (CPF) decision algorithm for predicting extubation failure, maintaining strict blinding of the clinical team. The model classifies patients by neurological status and uses an effort-based approach, including a "Gray Zone" (40-59 L/min) managed by tidal volume evaluation.

The goal of this observational study is to learn whether inhaled sedation is a cost-effective alternative to intravenous propofol in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults admitted to the intensive care unit. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does inhaled sedation reduce the total cost of care compared with intravenous propofol? * Does inhaled sedation reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay? * Are adverse events different between patients receiving inhaled sedation and those receiving intravenous propofol? Researchers will compare patients who received inhaled sedation with patients who received intravenous propofol to see if inhaled sedation improves clinical outcomes and reduces overall costs. Participants will: * Be identified through review of electronic medical records * Be included if they are adults who received mechanical ventilation and were sedated with inhaled sedation or intravenous propofol * Contribute data on total costs of care, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, and adverse event

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance and concordance of bedside cervical ultrasonography compared to Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) for the early detection of post-extubation dysphagia in critically ill adult patients. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What is the degree of diagnostic concordance (Kappa index) between cervical ultrasonography and nasofibroscopy (FEES) for detecting dysphagia in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)? * What are the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of ultrasonography as a non-invasive screening tool compared to the gold standard (FEES)? * Are there specific cut-off points for ultrasonographic parameters (such as hyoid bone displacement and laryngeal elevation) that accurately identify patients at risk of aspiration? Methodology and Comparison: Researchers will evaluate a cohort of patients who have undergone mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. The study compares the findings of cervical ultrasonography (an accessible and non-invasive bedside method) with FEES (the clinical gold standard) to determine the feasibility of ultrasound as an initial screening tool in the ICU setting. Participant Tasks: Participants will undergo the following procedures within 24 to 48 hours post-extubation: A bedside cervical ultrasonography to measure swallowing-related anatomical movements, such as hyoid displacement and laryngeal elevation. A nasofibroscopy (FEES) performed by trained personnel to directly visualize the pharyngeal and laryngeal structures during swallowing. A clinical evaluation of cranial nerve function and monitoring for respiratory complications like bronchoaspiration or pneumonia.