Clinical trials

This prospective observational study aims to compare fetal brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) findings in fetuses with and without fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to evaluate the association between middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler findings and regional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Participants will be classified into three groups: fetuses with FGR and normal MCA Doppler findings, fetuses with FGR and MCA Doppler redistribution, and appropriately grown for gestational age (AGA) healthy control fetuses with normal Doppler findings. Fetal DWI will be performed using a 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner, and ADC values will be measured in predefined brain regions, including the frontal, occipital, and temporal white matter, thalamus, pons, cerebellar hemispheres, and centrum semiovale. The primary objective is to compare regional ADC values between fetuses with FGR and healthy controls. The secondary objective is to determine whether ADC values differ between FGR fetuses with normal MCA Doppler findings and those with MCA Doppler redistribution. The study also aims to evaluate the relationship between ADC values, gestational age, fetal biometric measurements, and Doppler parameters.

This prospective observational study aims to investigate the association between maternal thyroid function, maternal anxiety levels, and fetal cardiotocography parameters in high-risk pregnancies. Pregnant women at 32 weeks of gestation or later who are followed in the perinatology outpatient clinic for high-risk pregnancy will be included. Maternal thyroid function test results, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4), obtained as part of routine clinical care will be recorded. Maternal anxiety will be assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Fetal well-being will be evaluated using a routine 20-minute non-stress test (NST), including baseline fetal heart rate, accelerations, reactivity, and the presence of decelerations. The associations between maternal anxiety scores, thyroid hormone levels and thyroid status, and fetal cardiotocography parameters will be analyzed. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics will also be evaluated in relation to these parameters.

This prospective observational cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the relationships among fetal health locus of control (FHLC) perceptions, maternal anxiety levels, and fetal cardiotocography parameters in high-risk pregnant women. Pregnant women at 32 weeks of gestation or later who undergo routine non-stress testing (NST) at the Perinatology Outpatient Clinic will be invited to participate. On the same day as the routine NST, participants will complete the Fetal Health Locus of Control Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Associations between FHLC dimensions, maternal anxiety levels, and NST parameters, including baseline fetal heart rate, number of accelerations, reactivity, and presence of decelerations, will be evaluated.

This study was planned to investigate the efficacy of different treatment methods that can be used in the treatment of hemorrhagic tears that may occur in the postpartum period. The volunteers who will participate in the study will be evaluated during the hospitalization period after delivery and at the end of the puerperium 6 weeks after delivery, in accordance with routine postpartum control examinations. In the treatment of postpartum hemorrhagic tears, the treatment options such as suturing the tears to stop bleeding or applying tampons with bleeding stopping agent (chitosan) and compression effect to the torn area will be determined completely randomly.

This study aims to investigate the potential role of the ferroptosis pathway in the pathogenesis and clinical course of Alopecia Areata (AA). Serum concentrations of two key ferroptosis biomarkers-Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a primary antioxidant enzyme protecting against lipid peroxidation, and Malondialdehyde (MDA), a major end-product of lipid membrane damage-will be quantitatively measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. A total of 156 participants will be enrolled, consisting of 104 patients diagnosed with Alopecia Areata (subdivided into acute and chronic cohorts) and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum biomarker levels will be statistically compared among the groups to determine their diagnostic value. Furthermore, these biomarker levels will be correlated with clinical disease extension evaluated via the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score and objective trichoscopic activity findings (such as black dots, yellow dots, and exclamation mark hairs). The ultimate goal of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate whether serum GPX4 and MDA can serve as reliable objective biomarkers for monitoring disease severity, staging, and trichoscopic activity in Alopecia Areata management.The ultimate goal of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate whether serum GPX4 and MDA can serve as reliable objective biomarkers for monitoring disease severity, staging, and trichoscopic activity in Alopecia Areata management.

This retrospective observational study aims to develop and evaluate a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based artificial intelligence model for risk classification and histopathological subtype prediction of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) using clinical and dermoscopic images. Histopathologically confirmed BCC cases from a dermatology archive will be included. The primary objective is to assess the diagnostic performance of the CNN model in classifying BCC as low-risk or high-risk. Secondary objectives include predicting histopathological subtypes and comparing the model's performance with that of dermatology physicians. Histopathological diagnosis will serve as the reference standard. All archived data will be anonymized before analysis.

This is a retrospective study including patients diagnosed with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma between 2016 and 2025. Demographic, clinical, histopathological, and dermoscopic data were obtained from hospital records. Dermoscopic images taken with the FotoFinder dermoscope were independently evaluated by two dermatologists in a blinded manner. In addition, images were labeled using computer software and analyzed to measure the proportion of specific dermoscopic structures within the total lesion area. These quantitative data were used to examine the relationship between dermoscopic features and histopathological findings.

Chronic occupational exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation may lead to subclinical endothelial dysfunction and early microvascular alterations in healthcare workers. Nailfold capillaroscopy is a non-invasive method that allows direct visualization of microcirculatory changes. This observational study aims to evaluate microvascular alterations using nailfold capillaroscopy and to assess their association with serum endothelial and inflammatory biomarkers, including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), von Willebrand factor (vWF), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and D-dimer levels. Healthcare workers with chronic low-dose radiation exposure will be compared with non-exposed controls. The study seeks to improve understanding of early vascular effects of occupational radiation exposure.

This study will include patients aged 18-65 with subacute or chronic mechanical low back pain who apply to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic. The age, gender, body mass index, duration of low back pain, smoking status, and educational status of the patients included in the study will be recorded. Patients will be randomized into two groups: the study group and the control group. First, the psychosocial risk status of patients in both groups will be determined using the STarT Back Screening Tool. Then, patients in the control group will undergo a conventional physical therapy program that includes hot packs, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, ultrasound, and core stabilization exercises. Patients in the study group will undergo daily close follow-up physician-patient meetings during the sessions, in addition to the conventional physical therapy program applied to the control group. Clinical assessments will be performed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Beck's Depression Scale, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs. Clinical evaluations will be conducted at baseline, on Day 5 post-treatment, and at 1 month post-treatment.

Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of invasive breast cancer. In cases where axillary lymph node metastases are diagnosed through screening, they can be found in up to 25% of cases, and in symptomatic cases, up to 60% of cases. The clinical detection accuracy of axillary lymph node metastases is only 33%. Accurate staging of lymph nodes in breast cancer patients is crucial for both prognosis and treatment. Ultrasonography is much more sensitive than physical examination alone for determining axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer staging. Fine needle aspiration biopsy or core biopsy is diagnostic in lymph nodes that cannot be clarified solely by ultrasonography or are suspicious. Although biopsy sampling yields high diagnostic rates, it requires an experienced pathologist and sometimes takes weeks to yield results. Therefore, there is a need for faster and less costly diagnostic methods for diagnosing axillary metastases. Among thyroid cancers, papillary thyroid carcinomas, a malignancy in which the lymph node washout method is used to determine lymph node metastasis, are the most common. In papillary thyroid cancer patients, washout sampling of neck lymph nodes by fine needle aspiration, searching for thyroglobulin, a protein normally found in thyroid tissue, is considered one of the most valid methods for detecting lymph node metastasis in this cancer. In recent years, immune checkpoint molecules associated with cancer have been widely used as biomarkers and agents in both diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients. There are numerous publications in the literature regarding the expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on the cell surface of breast cancer patients. Although the natural soluble forms of receptors and ligands of immune checkpoint molecules exist and they are important components of immune regulation, their exact mechanisms of action have not yet been determined. There are five studies in the literature evaluating the status of soluble immune checkpoint molecules in breast cancer patients, with one being a review article. It is highly likely that immune checkpoint molecules found on both the cell surface and soluble in blood and body fluids are also present in tumor metastatic regions. There is no study using these immunological biomarkers to determine metastasis in invasive ductal carcinoma patients with metastatic axillary lymph nodes ın the literature. In this study, the investigators will evaluate the soluble levels of immune checkpoint molecules in washout fluids obtained from metastatic axillary lymph nodes and benign lymph nodes in patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma, and will assess the effectiveness of these immune checkpoint molecules and the washout method in diagnosing metastasis.

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is accepted worldwide as a standard of care for infants born at or beyond 36 weeks gestational age with moderate-to-severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). While central nervous system is the most affected organ system , multiorgan dysfunction including renal, pulmonary, cardiac, and/or gastrointestinal (GI) compromise is not infrequent. Although the process of 'cooling' itself is well defined, based on high-quality randomized controlled trials, there are few data to inform the provision of nutrition to infants with HIE during and soon after TH.However, breastfeeding plays a beneficial role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the gut. It may help to reduce systemic inflammatory response and positively regulates the microbiota. In many studies it is stated that enteral feeding during TH appears to be safe and feasible. There is insufficient evidence to choose the type of enteral feeding either bolus or continuous during TH. The present study aimed to compare the impact of different types of enteral feeding in infants with HIE receiving TH.