Diabete Mellitus

The RESET-INSPIRE study is designed to investigate individual variability in glucose response and insulin sensitivity, a key mechanism underlying metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and cardiometabolic disorders. Building on findings from Project RESET, this study aims to develop and validate a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-based approach for assessing insulin sensitivity.

The goal of this study is to learn if an AI-generated personalized health report combined with face-to-face guidance from cardiologists can help rural adults with high blood pressure control their blood pressure better and reduce heart attacks and strokes. It will also assess the safety and practicality of this approach. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does this intervention increase the proportion of patients who achieve blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg at 18 months? Does it lower the rate of major cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke, heart failure hospitalisation, or cardiovascular death) over 48 months or longer? Does it improve medication adherence, blood pressure levels, and health knowledge, and is it cost-effective? Researchers will compare three groups of townships: one receiving the full AI-plus-cardiologist intervention, one receiving the same follow-up and education but without the AI report and cardiologist consultation, and one continuing with usual local care. Participants will: Attend regular clinic visits for blood pressure measurements, lab tests, and questionnaires. If in the intervention group, receive an AI-generated personalised health report and a face-to-face consultation with a cardiologist, plus home blood pressure monitoring guidance and health education. Be followed for 48 months or longer to track their blood pressure and any cardiovascular events. All medications used are standard, widely approved blood pressure drugs; side effects are mild and manageable, and participants will be closely monitored. Participation is voluntary, and all personal data will be kept confidential. The study has ethics approval, and informed consent will be obtained from all participants.

This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic duodenal re-cellularization therapy using pulsed electric field in individuals with in patients with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus on hair by assessing and comparing clinical and dermoscopic hair changes in diabetic patients versus age and sex-matched healthy controls.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a leading cause of hospitalization, disability, and mortality among diabetic patients, imposing a substantial burden on both patients and national healthcare resources. Despite the availability of comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment approaches, the wound healing rate for DFU remains only approximately 50%. Therefore, the development of novel technologies for DFU wound management represents an urgent scientific priority.Our team has been dedicated to the DFU field for over 22 years and has established a well-maintained DFU follow-up cohort and a comprehensive biospecimen repository. In our preliminary work, we employed multi-omics approaches to analyze the microbial community structure and metabolite profiles of DFU wounds. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms of turmeric-derived nanoparticle aerogel (TAG) in DFU wound infection and tissue repair based on the wound microenvironment. These findings were published in Advanced Science in 2024.Building upon this foundation and utilizing a turmeric-derived hydrogel formulation, we plan to conduct a randomized, multi-center, parallel-controlled, prospective clinical study (N=54). This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of TAG as an adjunct to standard care in promoting target ulcer healing and reducing recurrent infections in patients with Wagner grade 1 to 3 DFU, with the goal of optimizing clinical practice in DFU wound management.

Type 2 diabetes is often accompanied by high blood triglycerides and excess weight, and diet plays a central role in managing these conditions together. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of two moderate low-carbohydrate diets - one higher in protein and one higher in fat - against a standard diet, on blood sugar control, blood lipids (especially triglycerides), body weight, and blood pressure in adults with type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and overweight or obesity.

This Phase I clinical trial is a multi-center, single-arm, open-label study aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of RGB-5088 islet cell infusion in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The study aims to evaluate the impact of a telemonitoring system on glycemic control in patients with diabetes in Tunisia. Participants in the intervention group will receive remote diabetes management through a dedicated mobile application and web platform, while the control group will receive standard diabetes care. The primary objective is to determine the effectiveness of telemonitoring in improving glycemic control, as assessed by changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels.

Patients with a history of myocardial infarction are at significantly increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Despite established clinical guidelines, secondary preventive care is often initiated too late, inadequate in intensity or incomplete in application. As a result, important opportunities to prevent serious outcomes are missed. The aim of this project is to investigate whether rapid, guideline-based treatment following myocardial infarction leads to improved patient outcomes. The study protocol is based on current clinical guidelines and targets key domains including diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Outcomes of patients treated according to the study protocol will be compared to those receiving standard care. Primary endpoints include major adverse cardiac- and cerebrovascular events within a 24-month follow-up period. The investigators hypothesize that rapid, guideline-based intervention will result in improved risk factor management, leading to a reduction in cardiovascular events and mortality. For patients, this may translate into improved health, quality of life and life expectancy. This project aims to deliver a practical protocol for effective secondary prevention in clinical practice, which is expected to reduce healthcare utilization in the long term. With this initiative, the investigators seek to take a significant step toward improving post-myocardial infarction care and contributing to sustainable cardiovascular healthcare.

The goal of this observational, cross-sectional study is to evaluate the relationships between dietary total antioxidant capacity, systemic inflammatory response markers, and nutritional parameters in adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM). Participants will be classified into controlled (HbA1c \< %7) and uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥ %7) diabetes groups based on their glycemic control. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does dietary antioxidant capacity affect systemic inflammation levels and metabolic parameters? Is there a relationship between nutritional risk status and inflammatory response in T2DM patients?

Tirzepatide is a dual agonist of GLP-1 Receptor and the GIP receptor, producing substantial improvement in glycaemic control, weight reduction and insulin sensitivity. Beyond its metabolic effects, incretin signalling has demonstrated neuroprotective and neurotropic properties, including activation of intracellular pathways that enhance neuronal survival and regeneration. Using tirzapatide for diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy and assessing with CCM / NCS and BDNF will represent three complementary aspects of nerve regeneration: metabolic control, structural nerve repair and neurotrophic signalling.

The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) continues to rise globally, and they have become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for over 70% of deaths worldwide¹. Rapid lifestyle transitions and increasing urbanization have disproportionately affected low- and middle-income countries, which now bear a substantial share of the global NCD burden. Pakistan, with a population of 241.5 million, is experiencing a double burden of both communicable diseases and NCDs¹³. The widespread adoption of sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary patterns has contributed to a marked increase in NCDs across the country². According to the WHO Hypertension profile 2025, it is the most prevalent NCD in Pakistan, affecting approximately 42% (41% males and 44% females) of the population¹¹, followed by diabetes, with a reported prevalence of 30.8%¹². Additionally, a recent cross-sectional study among adults attending a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad reported dyslipidemia in 71.6% of men and 78.4% of women, indicating a substantial underlying community burden³. Pakistan also ranks tenth among 188 countries in terms of overweight and obesity prevalence, with nearly half of its population classified as overweight or obese⁴. According to World Health Organization data, 58.1% of Pakistanis are overweight, and 43.9% fall within the obese category⁴. Despite their profound public health and economic implications, efforts to address NCDs remain fragmented and insufficient.17 There remains a significant research gap in community-based NCD screening initiatives, particularly within the suburban and peri-urban communities of Faisalabad creating an unmet need to initiate a preventive strategy at community level to raise awareness about these diseases. This direction will minimize the increasing incidence and prevalence of NCDs and will ensure the quality health outcomes for better future. Timely identification of these diseases through screening is a critical step in reducing their impact on individuals and societies. Early detection enables cost-effective management, improved patient outcomes and a higher quality of life.14 One of the most important ways of reducing deaths from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is to control the risk factors that lead to their development.6 In this context, the present study aims to evaluate a community-based project focusing on disease awareness, screening, and structured referral to trained treating physicians for early diagnosis and management of major NCDs. The findings are expected to inform scalable, evidence-based interventions to reduce NCD burden and improve population health outcomes in Pakistan.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), prediabetes, and obesity are emerging as major global public health problems, with their epidemic spread continuously increasing over the past decades. The occurrence of diabetic retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma, and ocular surface disease in patients with diabetes mellitus has been extensively investigated in several studies. However, mild ocular surface disorders, such as dry eye disease, have often been overlooked, with a previous study showing that 51.3% of diabetes-related dry eye disease cases remained underdiagnosed. Among systemic diseases, diabetes mellitus and obesity have been associated with an increased risk of developing dry eye disease. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to microvascular damage, including corneal neuropathy and reduced tear production, conditions that can disrupt ocular surface health, while systemic inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction also contribute to this process. However, the effect of newer classes of antidiabetic medications, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), on ocular surface health remains insufficiently understood. The aim of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on dry eye disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity through the assessment of ocular surface parameters, such as tear film break-up time, Schirmer test results, as well as potential changes in corneal topography.

This cross-sectional observational study aims to assess the level of knowledge, clinical practices, and professional attitudes of General Practitioners (GPs) regarding oral health and its relationship with major systemic diseases, with particular emphasis on periodontal disease. Data will be collected through an anonymous, self-administered digital questionnaire distributed nationwide to General Practitioners practicing in Italy. The questionnaire will investigate participants' knowledge of oral diseases, awareness of oral-systemic associations, early identification of oral manifestations, educational background, and interdisciplinary collaboration with dental professionals.

This is a retrospective, observational study using routinely collected information collected by Alberta Health Services. The study will identify patients with chronic disease, defined by one or more of the following conditions; diabetes mellitus, heart failure, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, or chronic lung disease. Adult residents of Alberta with a chronic disease of interest present upon hospital admission and who survive to hospital discharge will be included in the study cohort. The primary outcome will be the composite of hospital readmission or death within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes will include components of the composite, length of stay, patient experiences related to their hospital to home transition of care, and processes of care. Multi-level interrupted time series analysis will be used to compare outcomes before versus after implementation of the Connect Care CIS.

This is an open-label, prospective, multicenter observational study designed to evaluate the perceived benefits, device experience, preference, and glucose-related parameters associated with the Instara-1 Continuous Glucose Monitoring device. The study will include patients with diabetes and healthcare professionals. Patients will use Instara- 1 and will be followed up to assess device experience, glucose parameters, and diabetes-related quality of life. Healthcare professionals will evaluate device experience and preference, including comparison with FreeStyle Libre 2.

The purpose of the second phase of the Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria (HTN 2.0) Program is to build upon the success of the first phase of the HTN Program (2020-2023), which implemented the WHO HEARTS package across 60 primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). This program demonstrated significant improvements in hypertension treatment and control. The focus of aim 3 will be evaluating diabetes management through the implementation of the HEARTS-D bundle in 10 PHCs across the FCT that previously participated in the initial HTN Program.

Atelectasis is considered a common complication in the perioperative period, especially following surgeries under general anesthesia. Postoperative atelectasis could occur anytime during the perioperative period from intraoperative period to 24 hours postoperative and contribute to a variety of other complications, including hypoxemia and pneumonia. In the literature, several methods were utilized to combat this phenomenon, therefore, we investigate the role of intraoperative salbutamol in reducing the incidence of atelectasis. It is well known that salbutamol could be an adjunctive bronchodilator medication used in the intraoperative anesthetic regimens.

This study will evaluate the safety, efficacy and durability of SR-02 administered to the omentum of patients of Type 1 diabetes with severe recurrent hypoglycemia. The study will also help establish the optimal treatment dose. Although this study is open to patients with all HLA or blood types, immunosuppression to prevent rejection will be required in this first in human study.

Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) agent used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion, is commonly administered in ophthalmology clinics through intravitreal injection. The systemic use of bevacizumab has been associated with serious conditions such as thromboembolism and bleeding. Although intravitreal bevacizumab is administered in smaller amounts and has limited systemic circulation, it requires repeated injections over a long period. These long-term intravitreal anti-VEGF therapies may lead to adverse outcomes, particularly thromboembolism, due to systemic inhibition of VEGF. However, limited information is available regarding the potential effects of this treatment on the systemic and cardiovascular systems. To evaluate this risk, the study aims to assess changes in the activities of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), which are closely associated with lipid metabolism, coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis. These enzymes are known biomarkers of cardiovascular health and play significant roles in protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. For this purpose, a case-control study is planned. Serum BChE and PON1 activities, as well as triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and TG/glucose ratios, will be determined in patients receiving repeated intravitreal bevacizumab injections and in control groups, and cardiovascular disease risk will be assessed. This study may help us better understand the safety profile of this treatment by revealing the effects of bevacizumab on serum enzyme activities and cardiovascular risk factors. These findings could contribute to optimizing treatment strategies in clinical practice.

Patients with diabetes have less effective colonoscopy preparation when compared to nondiabetic patients. This leads to the possibility of missed polyps, longer procedural time and patient dissatisfaction. Furthermore, the peri-colonoscopy period has been associated with increased risk of hypoglycemic events given the required change in diet and possible changes in antihyperglycemic medication regime, though this area is not well studied. Studies have found that same day preparation for colonoscopy allowed for comparable bowel visualization to split dosing. Pairing this with a low fiber diet permitted the day prior to colonoscopy, the extent of changes to routine and diet within a patient with diabetes day for colonoscopy preparation is minimized and could reduce risk of side effects and hypoglycemia, while also ensuring adequate bowel preparation. This study tests the hypothesis that creating a diabetic specific protocol (permitting a low fibre diet the day prior to colonoscopy and using same day preparation) will result in fewer hypoglycemic events and more adequate quality preparation in comparison to a conventional 2L PEG split day preparation with dietary restrictions in patients with diabetes.

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of implementing the AI-SaMD(VUNO Med®-Fundus AI™) alongside routine clinical practice for the detection of diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by impaired carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, resulting from a deficiency of insulin hormone secreted by the pancreas and/or the body's inability to utilize it even when sufficient insulin is secreted. As a frequently observed chronic disease, diabetes is a significant public health problem; if left uncontrolled, it can lead to serious complications and negatively impact quality of life.Individual management of treatment is crucial for successful treatment and glycemic control in diabetes. Due to the complexity of diabetes management related to insulin use, diabetics require greater self-care skills. Nurses play a crucial role in developing desired self-management behaviors in individuals with diabetes, supporting them, and meeting their needs.

This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of tributyrin supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with poor blood sugar control, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and an increased risk of heart disease. Tributyrin is a dietary supplement that acts as a precursor to butyrate, a compound known for its anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits. It may help improve blood sugar levels, reduce inflammation, and lower cardiovascular risk. In this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, participants will receive either tributyrin in addition to their standard diabetes treatment or standard therapy alone. The study will assess whether tributyrin improves glycemic control, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and overall cardiovascular risk while maintaining safety and tolerability.

Diabetes represents one of the major chronic diseases, with diabetic ulcers being a significant adverse prognosis. Approximately 80% of lower limb amputations are attributed to diabetic foot ulcers, which constitute a primary cause of patient disability and mortality, while also imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Although standardized Western medical protocols for diabetic foot management exist, clinical outcomes remain suboptimal. The amputation rate due to diabetic foot ulcers continues to rise annually, underscoring the urgent need for novel and effective interventions to address this condition. Quantitative assessment of cutaneous biomechanical parameters may indirectly reflect the cumulative damage inflicted by diabetes on foot tissues. Such evaluation provides critical guidance for predicting susceptibility to recurrent ulceration and determining the necessity of enhanced offloading strategies to prevent ulcer development. By applying specific mechanical loads to the skin and measuring deformation, rebound characteristics, and displacement dynamics under pressure, it becomes possible to quantitatively evaluate parameters such as elastic modulus and viscoelastic properties. This case-control study aims to investigate the feasibility of utilizing plantar skin quantitative mechanical parameters as objective biomarkers for biomechanical impairment in diabetic foot. Furthermore, it seeks to establish a standardized operating procedure (SOP) for quantitative measurements tailored to diabetic foot scenarios. The study is designed to bridge critical evidence gaps between theoretical consensus and clinically applicable quantitative tools, demonstrating clear innovation and potential clinical value.