Psychological Well-Being

During a cesarean delivery done under spinal or epidural anesthesia, many patients notice sensations they weren't expecting things like pressure, pulling, tugging, or nausea even though the anesthesia blocks pain. These sensations can be distressing, and research suggests that difficult experiences during surgery may raise the risk of anxiety or post-traumatic stress after childbirth. Right now, there's no dedicated tool for asking patients about these experiences during the procedure, which makes it hard for care teams to recognize, measure, or address them. This study is the first step toward building such a tool, called the Intraoperative Comfort Assessment Tool (ICAT). Researchers will interview 20 to 30 patients who recently had a cesarean delivery under spinal or epidural anesthesia at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, asking them, in their own words, about what they felt during surgery. The interviews explore what different sensations felt like, how patients tell the difference between pressure, discomfort, and pain, and which symptoms bothered them most. By listening closely to how patients naturally describe their experiences, the team will identify common words and themes to build a more accurate, patient-centered questionnaire. Eventually, this tool could help anesthesiologists notice and respond to discomfort in real time during surgery, and give researchers a standard way to measure and improve the childbirth experience.

Over the past three decades, perfectionism has received increasing theoretical and empirical attention as a cognitive-personality factor that increases vulnerability to a wide range of psychological problems, including depression and anxiety. Although mediators and moderators of the link between perfectionism and well-being have been identified, the direct clinical utility of these findings has not been a focus. The Perfectionism and Coping Processes Model - Explanatory Feedback Intervention (PCPM-EFI) draws on previous findings and individually analyzes participant responses to perfectionism measures and online daily questionnaires of stress, coping, and mood over 7 days. The EFI provides an individualized slideshow presentation that is delivered in a single 45-60 minute session by a student research assistant to address how stress and coping patterns trigger and maintain negative affect and (lower) positive affect in the participant's daily life. A recent waitlist controlled feasibility trial compared the PCPM-EFI condition with a waitlist control condition over 4 weeks in 176 university students with higher SC perfectionism, with individualized feedback delivered one-on-one by student trainees in-person or remotely through videoconferencing. The feasibility of the individualized analyses of each participant's daily data was supported by identifying daily trigger patterns, maintenance tendencies, strengths, common triggers, and best targets for reducing negative mood and increasing positive mood across several stressors for each participant. Participant ratings indicated that the comprehensive feedback was coherent and functional. Participants in the EFI condition, compared to those in the control condition, reported increases in empowerment, coping self-efficacy, and problem-focused coping, as well as decreases in depressive and anxious symptoms. Between-group effect sizes were moderate-to-large. There were reliable improvements in empowerment and depressive symptoms for 56% and 36%, respectively, of participants in the EFI condition. These findings demonstrate the broad applicability, conceptual utility, and effectiveness of the PCPM-EFI for self-critical perfectionistic individuals. Given these promising findings, research is needed to examine the utility of customizing daily emotion regulation findings, and the complementary effects of providing meaningful feedback on well-being. The present study will build on the promising findings of the PCPM-EFI by using a 7-day daily diary methodology to test a complementary EFI on perfectionism and emotion regulation processes (e.g., self-compassion, mindfulness, experiential avoidance, rumination, reappraisal) delivered online through videoconferencing in a sample of university students with higher self-critical perfectionism. Based on the Perfectionism and Emotion Regulation Processes Model (PERPM), the PERPM-EFI follows the same structure as the PCPM-EFI to provide individualized analyses drawn from previous findings. The results of a pilot study of 12 university students with higher SC perfectionism suggest that the PERPM-EFI is broadly applicable, conceptually useful, and effective. Specifically, despite the small sample size, participants reported increases in empowerment, mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotional self-awareness, as well as decreases in depressive and anxious symptoms. The present study will use a randomized control design to examine whether the PCPM-EFI plus PERPM-EFI can better improve well-being, relative to providing no feedback, the PERPM-EFI alone, or PCPM-EFI alone in the context of a 4-week longitudinal study with three time points in a sample of 180 university students. The four conditions will be: (a) waitlist control condition, (b) PCPM-EFI, (c) PERPM-EFI, and (d) PCPM-EFI plus PERPM-EFI. It is hypothesized that all three EFI conditions will yield better outcomes than the waitlist control condition. It is also hypothesized that the combined PCPM-EFI plus PERPM-EFI condition will be superior to the PCPM-EFI condition and PERPM-EFI condition on empowerment (primary outcome) and secondary symptom outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, negative affect, positive affect). It is also expected that participants in the PCPM-EFI plus PERPM-EFI condition and PCPM-EFI condition will exhibit larger increases in coping self-efficacy and problem-focused coping than participants in the PERPM-EFI condition. On the other hand, it is hypothesized that participants in the PCPM-EFI plus PERPM-EFI condition and PERPM-EFI condition will exhibit larger increases in self-compassion, mindfulness, and emotional self-awareness than participants in the PCPM-EFI condition. If the feedback interventions are shown to be efficacious, the interventions could be offered to universities, work places, clinical settings, and other organizations.

This study aims to investigate the effects of Ignatian Examen Meditation on students' psychological well-being, gratitude, hope, and spirituality. Specifically, it examines whether participation in Examen Meditation improves emotional well-being by reducing stress, anxiety, and depression, enhancing students' sense of gratitude and hope, and strengthening spiritual development. The study also explores the lived experiences of students and teachers who participate in the programme. Regarding significance, this study addresses the lack of empirical studies examining Examen Meditation in Asian educational settings. The findings will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of a Catholic contemplative practice in supporting students' mental health and spiritual formation. It may contribute to the development of school-based well-being programmes in Catholic schools by demonstrating the potential benefits of Examen Meditation for psychological well-being, the sense of gratitude and hope and spiritual growth.

This research project investigates the effects of a nature-based programme (Finding with Nature, FWN), on psychological well-being, functioning, and nature connectedness among older adults (65 and older) who provide care for their close one in Finland. The FWN programme combines nature exposure, physical activity, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) methods. The effects of the FWN programme are studied in a randomised controlled trial. The psychological well-being, functioning, and nature connectedness are investigated with self-report measures and analysed with quantitative methods. The results provide knowledge about the ability of nature-based, low-threshold methods to support older adults (65+) who provide care for their close one.

The goal of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is to evaluate whether the dietary supplement Ansileve (Ansileve SOS spray and Ansileve capsules) can improve psychological well-being and parental functioning in mothers and fathers of children experiencing an acute medical event requiring hospital care. The main questions are: 1. Does acute administration of Ansileve SOS spray improve maternal functioning in the short term, as measured by the Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF), compared with placebo? 2. Does Ansileve SOS spray and the subsequent 30-day supplementation with Ansileve capsules reduce anxiety symptoms and improve emotional well-being in parents, compared with placebo? Researchers will compare participants receiving Ansileve SOS spray and/or Ansileve capsules with participants receiving matching placebo products to determine whether the intervention improves parental functioning, reduces anxiety symptoms, and supports psychological recovery after a stressful event involving their child. Participants will: * Be mothers and fathers (≥18 years) of children admitted for an acute medical event at the Pediatria Immunoreumatologia Unit of the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico * Complete validated questionnaires assessing functioning (BIMF, only mothers), emotional impact of the event \[Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R)\], and anxiety symptoms \[Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7)\] at baseline and during follow-up * Receive either Ansileve SOS spray or placebo spray at study enrolment. * Take either Ansileve capsules or placebo capsules daily for 30 days according to the assigned treatment group * Complete a follow-up assessment to evaluate treatment adherence and possible adverse events.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effect of a mobile game-based cognitive intervention on brain fog and psychological well-being in menopausal women aged 45-55 years. The main questions it aims to answer are: Are Brain Fog Scale scores lower among women in the mobile game intervention group compared with women in the control group? Are Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale scores higher among women in the mobile game intervention group compared with women in the control group? Do women participating in the mobile game intervention demonstrate greater reductions in Brain Fog Scale scores and greater improvements in Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale scores after the intervention compared with their baseline measurements? Researchers will compare participants receiving the mobile game-based cognitive intervention with participants receiving routine follow-up only to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on brain fog and psychological well-being. Participants will: Complete baseline assessments using the Brain Fog Scale and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. Use the cognitive training mobile game for 15 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 6 weeks if assigned to the intervention group. Receive routine follow-up only if assigned to the control group. Complete post-intervention assessments at the end of the 6-week study period.

Gratitude practices have been shown to improve well-being but nearly all the programs tested so far were designed without reference to Islamic understanding. This study tests a month-long gratitude program built around the Islamic concept of shukr. Participants complete a short daily journal entry, watch a short video before each day, and attend 5 online group sessions across 4 weeks. The content covers what Shukr (Islamic gratitude) means, how it is expressed towards Allah and towards other people, and how it works during difficult times. Participants are Muslim emerging adults aged 18 to 29 from Pakistan. They are randomly assigned either to the experimental or control group. Well-being and gratitude are measured before the program, at the end of the program, and at a follow-up after three months.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a digital intervention can improve body image and psychological well-being among adolescent boys who attend fitness clubs. Fitness club environments and social media often promote appearance ideals related to muscularity and leanness, which may contribute to body appearance pressure, body dissatisfaction, and psychological distress among boys. In this cluster-randomized controlled trial, approximately 260 boys aged 15 to 18 years will be recruited from fitness clubs in Oslo, Norway. Participants from fitness clubs assigned to the intervention group will receive access to a 12-week website-based program consisting of four interactive modules focusing on body image, psychological well-being, critical social media literacy, and attitudes toward food and sports supplements. Participants in the control group will continue their usual activities. The study will examine whether the intervention reduces internalization of appearance ideals and body appearance pressure and improves body appreciation, health-related quality of life, psychological well-being, social media-related behaviors, and attitudes toward food and sports supplements. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at a 6-month follow-up.

This online randomized controlled trial will evaluate the immediate psychological effects of a brief human-created animated art film. U.S.-based adults recruited through Prolific will be randomized in Stanford Qualtrics to view a human-created animated art film, view an AI-created comparison video, or to a do-nothing control arm. Outcomes will be assessed immediately after exposure.

This study Maims to assess bowel motility, pain and psychological well-being in women in the post-cesarean period by mobilizing them early and encouraging them to consume coffee.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of a web-based compassion-focused writing program and a reflective writing program on psychological well-being, self-compassion, postpartum trauma-related stress symptoms, and post-traumatic growth in midwives working in delivery rooms.

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of a Vicarious Post-Traumatic Growth (VPTG) Intervention among nurses working in emergency units. Emergency nurses are frequently exposed to traumatic events through patient care, which may contribute to vicarious trauma and psychological distress. The intervention is designed to facilitate positive psychological growth, resilience, adaptive coping, and psychological well-being while reducing the adverse impact of indirect trauma exposure. Participants will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up periods to determine the effectiveness of the intervention in promoting vicarious post-traumatic growth and reducing vicarious trauma among emergency nurses.

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the effects of breathing exercises on maternal anxiety, well-being, and infant stress. Materials and Methods: The research was initiated in a hospital in eastern Turkey between November 2024 and November 2026, after obtaining ethical committee and institutional approvals. The study population consisted of mothers whose babies were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of that hospital.The generally available G\*Power 3.1.9.7 for Windows software was used to calculate the sample size. Similar literature studies were referenced when determining the sample size of the research (Shamsdanesh et al., 2023). Furthermore, after the research is completed, a post-hoc power analysis will be performed on the main dependent variable, maternal anxiety level (MAL), to determine the power of the study (approximately 35 experimental, 35 control). The aim of the research is to ensure that the resulting sample size has sufficient statistical power to reveal the effect being examined. The research data is collected using a Demographic Information Form, prepared by the researcher through a literature review, the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Psychological Well-being Scale, and the Neonatal Stress Scale. Mothers perform this exercise three times a day for two days (days 1 and 2), under the supervision of a researcher. The four-square breathing exercise is a non-pharmacological pain reliever that has been shown to be beneficial in conditions other than pain. Each breathing exercise lasts 5-10 minutes. Mothers in the experimental group are given a questionnaire before the start of the study and after the exercise on days 1 and 2. Mothers in the control group are given only a questionnaire before the start of the study, at the end of day 1, and at the end of day 2. Mothers in the control group do not perform the four-square breathing exercise and receive routine hospital care. At the end of both days, mothers in the control group who wish to practice the breathing exercise are given the opportunity to do so.

This study is a pilot clinical trial designed to evaluate a flexible, online mindfulness program for pediatric residents. Medical training can be stressful, and although mindfulness programs are often offered to support well-being, many are either in-person or follow a fixed format that may not fit individual schedules or preferences. This study will test a digital mindfulness program called Wakeful, which allows participants to complete the course at their own pace. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group will be able to choose the length of their mindfulness program (3, 5, or 7 weeks), while the other group will be assigned a program length without a choice. The goal is to understand whether giving participants a choice improves how often they use the program, how satisfied they are with it, and whether they complete it. The main outcomes of this study focus on how participants interact with the program, including how many sessions they complete, how often they practice mindfulness on their own, and how useful and relevant they find the program. The study will also look at overall satisfaction and how many participants drop out before finishing. In addition, the study will explore whether participants report changes in mindfulness and compassion for others, although it is not designed to determine clinical improvements in mental health. By understanding how pediatric residents engage with different program formats, this study aims to inform the design of more flexible and user-centered digital wellness programs that better fit into demanding medical training environments.

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine if a culturally tailored and trauma-informed yoga (CT-TIY) program improves the overall well-being of Black and Brown women who have experienced IPV. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What is the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of delivering the CT-TIY program? * Do participants randomized to the CT-TIY program experience increases in our primary outcome of psychological well-being relative to women randomized to an enhanced care-as-usual control condition? * Do participants randomized to the CT-TIY program experience improvements in our secondary outcomes of empowerment, resilience, health-related quality of life, collective self-esteem, and culturally specific coping relative to participants randomized to an enhanced care-as-usual control condition? Researchers will compare CT-TIY to enhanced care-as-usual to see if CT-TIY to determine the feasibility, acceptability, safety, as well as initial efficacy of the yoga program. Participants randomized to the CT-TIY program will: * Have 15 weeks to complete a target of 10 CT-TIY yoga classes * Provide feedback on the CT-TIY program after each class they attend * Complete assessments at Baseline, after completing the CT-TIY program (week 16), as well as 3-months (week 27) after completing the CT-TIY program * Complete an exit interview where they provide feedback on their experiences in the yoga program Participants randomized to the enhanced care-as-usual control condition will: * Receive a referral to a domestic violence provider and the Futures without Violence General Health Safety Card, designed to help women recognize how their relationship impacts their health and the lives of their children, and provides information on safety planning and hotlines for support. * Complete assessments at Baseline, week 16, and week 27 of the study.

This non-randomized controlled study evaluates a 10-week breathing and myofascial release program in university athletes. The intervention group receives structured training, while the control group receives only an informational brochure.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate whether a structured mandala activity program can reduce anxiety and improve emotional and psychological well-being in adolescents who have a sibling with special needs. Adolescents in this group may experience emotional difficulties because of the demands and challenges associated with having a sibling who requires special care and support. However, supportive and accessible interventions for these adolescents are limited. In this study, eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will participate in a structured mandala activity program, while the control group will not receive this program during the study period. Anxiety and emotional and psychological well-being will be assessed before and after the intervention using standardized measurement tools. The main question of this study is whether participation in the mandala activity program leads to better mental well-being outcomes compared with the control group. The findings may help determine whether mandala-based activities can be used as a simple, supportive, and non-pharmacological approach for adolescents who have a sibling with special needs.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of mandala art therapy on psychological resilience and coping with cancer in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with a pre-test-post-test design, including intervention and control groups. The study will be conducted between January 2026 and December 2026 with patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. The G.power 3.1.9.7 program was used for sample size calculation. The sample size was determined as 28 individuals in each group, considering equal sample sizes in the experimental and control groups, a 95% confidence interval (type I error 5%), and statistical power of 80% (type II error 20%) with an effect size of d=0.50. However, considering a possible 20% data loss, 35 individuals will be included in each group, resulting in a total sample size of 70 individuals. Sample selection will be made using sequential sampling according to inclusion criteria. Patients will then be randomly assigned to the experimental group (A) and the control group (B) using block randomization (four-block). First, 15 blocks of four, such as AABB, ABAB, ABBA, BBAA, BABA, BAAB, etc., will be prepared by the researcher and statistician. Individuals will then be divided into two groups according to the prepared list; this process will be repeated continuously until the sample size is complete. Three data collection forms were used. SPSS 22.00 software package was used for data analysis. Skewness and kurtosis analyses were performed to determine the normality of the data distribution. Frequency (n) and percentage (%) distributions were calculated to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. Independent samples t-test was used to determine the mean differences between two independent groups, dependent samples t-test was used to compare pre- and post-intervention measurements, and repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Cohen's d effect size was calculated to evaluate the significance of the difference between groups in terms of the intervention. The statistical significance level was accepted as p\<0.05.

The aims of this study are to develop a mindfulness-based elective course for nursing students and to evaluate its effects on psychological well-being, including mindfulness, depression, anxiety, stress, and problematic internet use, empathy, among nursing students.

Prrospective, multi-center, randomized controlled trial of a brief, transdiagnostic, guided self-help intervention (Self-Help Plus) for university students who experience significant distress and are behind on their coursework. The intervention will be tested in terms of efficacy and feasibility for outcomes related to distress, anxiety, depression and well-being, assessed immediately after the intervention and at 3-months follow-up.

University students face increasing academic and psychosocial demands that place them at risk of reduced psychological well-being. Positive psychology interventions have demonstrated efficacy in promoting mental health; however, few are grounded explicitly in Seligman's PERMA model and adherence to digital interventions remains limited. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of a brief PERMA-based psychological intervention delivered via a smartphone application, with and without supplementary telephone multiconference support, compared to a waiting list control group. The intervention consists of five weekly modules targeting Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and at six-month follow-up.

This study aims to establish the test-retest reliability of the WB6Dim digital self-assessment tool across its eight well-being dimensions, using a 3-day interval protocol designed to minimize the probability of genuine well-being changes between assessments. Participants complete the 28-item WB6Dim questionnaire at baseline (T1) and again 3 days later (T2). A single contamination control question at T2 identifies participants who experienced a significant life event during the interval; these pairs are excluded from primary ICC analyses and retained for exploratory analyses. An optional third assessment at 9 weeks (T3) provides preliminary exploratory data on sensitivity to change following access to a well-being program. T3 is not part of the primary design.

This prospective cross-sectional observational study aims to explore the relationships among psychological well-being, depression, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes attending the outpatient metabolic clinic at National Taiwan University Hospital. The study will collect data using standardized instruments, including the EQ-5D Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire, the PHQ-9 Depression Scale, and the Shalom Scale of Psychological Well-Being, along with demographic and clinical variables such as age, sex, education, body mass index, HbA1c, disease duration, and psychosocial support indicators. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analyses, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression modeling will be performed to identify factors associated with psychological well-being. The findings are expected to provide evidence-based insights to inform tailored interventions and improve the mental health and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Development of the online mindfulness-based intervention (MFU-mindful Application for Thai university students: Phase II Objectives: Phase I: (October 2025 to September 2026) 1. To develop the mindfulness-based intervention (Mind Space application) for Thai university students. 2. To test the feasibility of the mindfulness-based intervention (Mind space Application) for Thai university students. 3. To determine the effect size of mindfulness-based intervention (Mind space Application) on mental health outcomes for Thai university students: A pilot study. Phase II: (October 2026 to December 2026) 1\. To examine the effects of mindfulness-base intervention (Mindspace Application) on mental health outcomes for Thai university students For this research project, investigators will develop the mindfulness-based intervention (Mindspace application) based on mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) by encouraging participants to pay attention to their present thoughts, emotions, feelings, and behaviors without judgment. This attention will help them learn the relationship between their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors and their mental health outcomes (mindfulness, stress, anxiety, and depression), though. mindfulness practice (body scan, sitting meditation, and mindful movement) using an online application). Furthermore, investigators will teach participants how to shape their thoughts and manage their wandering minds and negative and irritable thoughts. Finally, participants will learn how to become an individual with reasonable flexibility and positive thoughts. Settings: the researchers plan to conduct the program in three universities in Northern Thailand. Population and sample: Population: Thai university students who are between years 1 and 4 (undergraduate). Sample: Phase I: Mae Fah Luang University, Phayao University, and Utraradit University students who are studying during the Fall semester, year 2026. Investigators will specifically recruit volunteers who: Inclusion criteria: 1. are current studying in years 1-4 of undergraduate programs 2. can read, speak, and write in Thai 3. be risk of the mental health problem (score higher than 6 on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) 4. have no history of learning disorders (ADHD, other specific learning disorders) 5. have no psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, adjustment disorders, delusion disorders, and substance use disorders) 6. have no meditation experience within the past 6 months Exclusion criteria: 1. have a limitation for mindful movement (hearing loss, blindness, and movement limitations) 2. They may feel uncomfortable or distressed and may not be able to participate in each mindfulness-based intervention session. Conceptual frameworks. For this research project, the investigators will develop and refine an online mindfulness-based intervention, the Mind Space Application, grounded in the principles of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 2003) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT; Segal et al., 2002). The program is designed to cultivate nonjudgmental awareness of thoughts, feelings, emotions, and behaviors among university students (Kabat-Zinn, 2003). In addition, it aims to enhance participants' understanding of the interrelationships among cognitions, emotions, affective experiences, and behaviors that contribute to psychological distress, including stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The intervention incorporates core mindfulness practices delivered via an online application, including body scan exercises, sitting meditation, and mindfulness-based movement for relaxation. Furthermore, participants will be guided to develop cognitive awareness and adaptive responses to internal and external stressors, with particular emphasis on recognizing and managing automatic thoughts (wandering mind), negative thoughts, and irrational or maladaptive cognitions. Through this process, participants are encouraged to cultivate more rational, flexible, and positive thinking patterns. The researchers anticipate that this program will enhance mindfulness skills and, in turn, contribute to reductions in stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among the study participants. The effectiveness of the Mind Space application will be examined across both short-term and long-term periods. Short-term effects will be assessed at baseline and immediately post-intervention (8 weeks), while long-term effectiveness will be evaluated at a 6-month follow-up. Outcomes in the intervention group will be compared with those in a control group. The primary outcome variables include mental health indicators-stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms-as well as levels of mindfulness among Thai university students. Data will be analyzed using a one-way repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the daily Three Good Thing intervention can prevent negative mental health outcomes like stress and burnou, and promote Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing in undergraduate Nursing Students. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the daily Three Good Things intervention effective in promoting gratitude and psychological wellbeing among nursing students? Researchers will compare four different arms from Solomon Four Group Design to see if the increase in Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing scores is significantly greater in the groups that received the 3GT intervention. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the four groups, and those in the intervention groups will: 1. Complete a pre-test questionnaire (for some groups) on their current level of Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing. 2. Perform the Three Good Things (3GT) intervention by writing down three positive things that happened each day for 7 consecutive days. 3. Complete a post-test questionnaire to measure the final level of Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing.