Healthy Adult Participants

Isolated gastrocnemius tightness is associated with various foot pathologies, particularly metatarsalgia and hallux valgus, and is also commonly observed in the general population. Limited ankle dorsiflexion, typically resulting from tightness of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex, may alter normal gait mechanics and lead to compensatory movement patterns that increase mechanical stress on the lower extremity. It is planned to include a total of 40 participants in this study: 20 individuals with isolated gastrocnemius tightness and 20 without. The participants' plantar tactile sensitivity and postural control characteristics will be compared.

This study is the first time the new medicine CPV-104 is being tested in people. CPV-104 is designed to regulate the complement system, which can be overactive in diseases such as C3 glomerulopathy (C3G), an ultra-rare kidney disorder. The study includes healthy adults and adult patients with C3G to assess safety, tolerability, how the body processes the medicine, and whether the immune system reacts to it. The study is divided in two part; in Part 1 (SAD), healthy volunteers receive one IV dose of CPV-104 or a placebo while in Part 2 (MAD) patients with C3G receive four weekly IV doses of CPV-104 (no placebo). Participants will have close monitoring, including side-effect checks, blood and urine tests, ECGs, vital signs, and blood samples to measure drug levels and antibodies. For those with C3G, researchers will also observe kidney function, although the main goal is safety, not testing effectiveness. A Safety Review Committee will regularly review results to ensure it is safe to continue to the next dose or study group.

The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of combining olive leaf extract supplementation with endurance training (moderate intensity continuous training or sprint interval training). We hypothesize that OLE supplementation during training, as compared to training alone with placebo, will translate into better performance outcomes. More specifically, we hypothesize that the additional benefits of OLE supplementation on performance will be mediated by improved mitochondrial characteristics in skeletal muscle and increased neural activation.

This study is a pre-post, open-label pilot feasibility study designed to investigate how a food-grade probiotic supplement affects biological measurements and wellbeing in healthy adults. Participants will take one capsule daily for 1 month. During the study, participants will complete online cognitive tasks and provide blood and stool samples collected during home visits by trained staff. The samples will be analysed to explore changes in gut bacteria and other biological markers. This study aims to understand whether the supplement is well tolerated and whether measurable biological changes occur. The study does not involve any experimental drugs or invasive procedures beyond blood sampling and stool collection, and participants will not be asked to change any current prescribed medications or treatments; with eligibility exclusions applying for recent antibiotics or immunosuppressants. The supplement is being studied for research purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how eating different snack foods affects acute hunger, energy intake and eating behaviour in healthy adults. The study will be conducted remotely over 5 days. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does eating a snack bar intervention change how hungry participants feel later in the same day? 2. Does eating a snack bar intervention change participants' energy intake, nutrient intake and eating behaviour on the same day? 3. Does eating a snack bar intervention change participants mood, energy levels and alertness later in the same day? Researchers will compare an intervention snack bar to a control snack bar to see if the intervention improves hunger, energy intake, eating behaviour, and other subjective measures. Participants will: * Eat 2 snack bars for breakfast on 2 separate days, with 2 days in between * Not eat anything after 9pm the night before each test day * Fill out short online surveys (under 5 minutes) before breakfast and at set times over the next 3 hours * Not eat for 3 hours after breakfast * Write down everything they eat that day

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of a yeast-based dietary supplement on gastrointestinal, mental, and skin health. Yeasts are naturally present on fruits and plants, and are used to bake bread, beer and wine. Some of these yeasts are commonly consumed and may actually benefit your gut health. The supplemental yeast could strengthen your gut lining or help good bacteria in your gut grow better. In this study, we will look at how two doses of a yeast-baaed supplement impacts your gut health, your bowel movement consistency, your and mental health. the study will last 17 weeks and consist of 7 clinic visits (1 screening visit and 6 test visits).

The goal of this study is to learn if a nutritional smartphone application can improve the dietary habits in adults. The main objectives are: To explore if the use of a nutritional mobile application can improve a) mindful eating b) dietary diversity c) self-regulation of eating behavior d) calories consumed from healthy food groups vs unhealthy food groups among adults living in a low and middle income country.

This study will enroll healthy participants to evaluate whether BGB-43395 interacts with other drugs, including midazolam, celecoxib, dabigatran, and rosuvastatin.

Protein supplementation is said to be one of the cost-efficient and practical strategies to meet protein needs for growth and exercise, and can help maximize muscle gain from resistance exercise. It facilitates faster recovery from stress-induced tissue damage and enhances performance output. Protein sources derived from animal products are generally recognized as the highest quality protein. However, altering the protein composition of a protein source can improve the protein quality. The yeast protein supplement the investigators will use in this study has a similar amino acid composition to whey protein, which is derived from an animal product, but it is produced more sustainably. The study aims to compare the effects of yeast and whey protein on muscle mass over 16 weeks.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate if 1) consumption of vitamin D3- or 25(OH)D3-biofortified eggs will increase vitamin D and 25(OH)D status in young adults who consume these bioenhanced eggs, 2) to determine if the gut microbiome profile is associated with 25(OH)D or vitamin D status and 3) to evaluate possible changes in the gut microbiome following an 8-week supplementation period providing 5(OH)D- or vitamin D bioenhanced eggs.

The goal of this study is to understand how the body processes tacabrutideg in adults with different levels of liver function (normal, moderate impairment, and severe impairment).

The goal of this study is to understand how the body processes sonrotoclax in adults with serious liver problems compared to adults with normal liver function.

In Study 1, investigators will test the ability of each of the seven paradigms to differentiate between schizophrenia (SZ)/schizoaffective disorder (SZA) and matched healthy control subjects (HC) and to predict individual differences in clinical measures of hallucinations and delusions (as well as measures of function). Investigators will also directly compare the tasks in terms of predictive ability and psychometric properties and determine whether the tasks share variance or explain unique variance. This will include determining whether hallucinations and delusions are best explained by separate underlying processes or by a single process. Investigators will also test whether the model-based parameters from these studies are more precise and sensitive than standard behavioral methods for assessing deficits across psychotic disorders and for predicting hallucinations and delusions (Aim 1). Investigators will also validate key model-based parameters against well-characterized neurophysiological measures using electroencephalogram (EEG) (Aim 4). The data from Study 1 will also be used to optimize (e.g., length, floor, and ceiling effects) tasks for Study 2. To generate a sample with sufficient variation in hallucinations and delusions, investigators will recruit the following groups that balance feasibility with clinical relevance: A) healthy controls (HC) \[HC, N=125\]; B) schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder \[SZ/SZA, N=200\]). For Study 1, investigators will ensure that 40 patients are unmedicated. Investigators anticipate a \~20% screen fail/drop-out rate based on our prior Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia Consortium (CNTRACS) studies. Thus, investigators will run an additional 40 SZ/SZA and 15 HC. All sites have experience recruiting patients in each of these groups as indicated by our past successful studies, and the fact that investigators have been able to recruit patients with significant hallucinations and delusions in all groups. Investigators will also validate key model-based parameters against well-characterized neurophysiological measures using electroencephalogram (EEG) (Aim 4). The data from Study 1 will also be used to optimize (e.g., length, floor, and ceiling effects) tasks for Study 2. To generate a sample with sufficient variation in hallucinations and delusions, investigators will recruit the following groups that balance feasibility with clinical relevance: A) healthy controls (HC) \[HC, N=125\]; B) schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder \[SZ/SZA, N=200\]). For Study 1, investigators will ensure that 40 patients are unmedicated. Investigators anticipate a \~20% screen fail/drop-out rate based on our prior Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia Consortium (CNTRACS) studies. Thus, investigators will run an additional 40 SZ/SZA and 15 HC. All sites have experience recruiting patients in each of these groups as indicated by our past successful studies, and the fact that investigators have been able to recruit patients with significant hallucinations and delusions in all groups.

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the feasibility and usability of at-home urine sample collection, preparation, and smartphone imaging using the EcoExposure™ platform in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: Can participants successfully collect, prepare, and photograph urine samples at home and upload the images using a smartphone app? How consistent is image quality and participant adherence across repeated sampling over approximately 12 weeks? What is the short-term day-to-day variability in optical signals during an intensive daily sampling period? Participants will: Complete electronic consent and a brief intake questionnaire Collect and prepare urine samples at home at scheduled timepoints Capture guided smartphone photographs of the prepared samples Upload the images and provide brief feedback through the TrialKit app Optionally add a small reference solution (spike sample) to one sample for technical evaluation only The study is fully remote and lasts approximately 12 weeks. It is intended for product development and workflow validation purposes only and does not involve any diagnostic or clinical decision-making.

This is a proof-of-concept study exploring individual differences in sensitivity to alcohol among older healthy current drinkers aged 65 to 80. Participants will complete two sessions during which they will complete questionnaires and laboratory measures of mental abilities and brain activity and receive a beverage that may or may not contain a moderate dose of alcohol.

This study will investigate whether replacing grass-fed organic meat with legumes within a Mediterranean diet affects cardiometabolic health in healthy adults. Participants will be randomly assigned to follow a Mediterranean diet that includes either grass-fed organic meat or legumes as the main protein source for 8 weeks. The study will compare changes in blood cholesterol, blood glucose, inflammation, blood pressure, and other health measures between the two groups. The main outcome will be the change in LDL cholesterol, a type of cholesterol associated with cardiovascular health. The study will include healthy adults aged 25 to 65 years living in the Community of Madrid, Spain.

The purpose of this intervention study is to investigate the effects of daily egg intake on markers of gut health, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), metabolic, and immune cell profiles in adults with body mass indexes (BMI) in normal and obesity ranges. This study further aims to determine whether egg effects are associated with baseline gut microbiome profiles, and whether egg effects are different between males and females and by BMI status. The study will address the following objectives: Objective 1: Evaluate the effects of daily egg white vs. whole egg intake on gut health, microbiome, and metabolome profiles. Objective 2: Evaluate the effects of daily egg white vs. whole egg intake on HDL composition and function. Objective 3: Evaluate the effects of daily egg white vs. whole egg intake on immune profiles and function in culture (ex vivo). Participants will be asked to consume egg whites and whole eggs on a daily basis for 4-weeks each, and avoid eating eggs for a total of 8 weeks at different points in the study. Participants will be asked to complete surveys about dietary intake and physical activity, as well as provide blood and stool samples throughout the course of the study.

This trial is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose (SAD) Phase I clinical trial conducted in healthy Chinese adults to evaluate the safety, tolerability and PK profiles of a single subcutaneous administration of ACC085 injection in healthy Chinese adults. This is a single ascending dose study planned to enroll participants into 5 dose groups \[94.4 mg (periumbilical abdomen), 314.8 mg (periumbilical abdomen), 944.4 mg (periumbilical abdomen), 944.4 mg (lateral thigh), and a pending dose of X mg (periumbilical abdomen), which will be determined based on clinical progress\]. Except for Dose Group 3, which plans to enroll 15 participants with a 4:1 ratio of participants receiving investigational product to placebo, all other dose groups will enroll 8 participants each with a 3:1 ratio of participants receiving investigational product to placebo. After all participants in Dose Group 1 complete the 4-week safety and tolerability assessment, if the dose-escalation stopping criteria have not been met, ACC085 will be escalated sequentially to Dose Groups 2-5 (314.8-944.4 mg and pending Dose Group X mg) with reference to the Fibonacci method and PK findings. Participant follow-up will continue until 48 weeks after dosing.

This is a single-center, non-randomized, open-label, parallel-group study. It will test D-2570 in people with liver problems and in people with healthy livers, to see how the drug moves through the body and whether it is safe.

This study will compare standing balance in adults ages 18 to 50 during normal standing, inward anchoring, and outward anchoring. Anchoring involves standing with the feet wider than shoulder width and trying to pull the legs together or push them apart without moving the feet. Participants will complete all three conditions in a randomly assigned order. A researcher will use a handheld force-measuring instrument at six points on the pelvis to measure how much pressure participants can resist before a foot lifts from the floor. Participants will also rate how stable they feel after each anchoring condition. The first 18 participants will repeat assessments to evaluate measurement consistency. Participation is expected to last 60 minutes, or 90 minutes for those completing repeat assessments.

Researchers want to find out how a substance in the body called CGRP affects balance. CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) is a small protein involved in migraine. Several approved migraine medicines work by blocking it. Studies in animals suggest that CGRP also helps a reflex called the vestibulo-ocular reflex, or VOR. The VOR keeps vision steady when the head moves: when the head turns, the eyes move the opposite way by the same amount, so the world does not appear to jump. Animals that lack the CGRP receptor have a weaker VOR. It is not known whether blocking CGRP weakens the VOR in people. This study tests whether a single dose of atogepant changes the VOR in people. Atogepant is approved in Switzerland for the prevention of migraine and blocks the CGRP receptor. In this study it is used in a different way than it is approved for. Eighty people will take part at the University Hospital Zurich. The study runs in two parts. First, 40 healthy people join. After that, 40 people who have episodic or chronic migraine join. Everyone receives both of the following, in random order: one capsule containing atogepant 60 mg one capsule containing placebo (a capsule with no active medicine) The two test visits are at least 5 days apart. A computer decides which capsule each person receives first. Neither the participants nor the study team know which capsule is which until the study is finished. At each test visit, the participant swallows the capsule at the study centre and stays for at least 90 minutes. Balance and eye-movement tests then begin, about 90 to 120 minutes after the capsule. The tests record eye movements while the head is moved quickly, while warm and cool air or water is placed in the ear canal, while a chair turns gently from side to side, and while the whole body is tilted. Participants also answer short questionnaires about nausea and dizziness before and after the tests. Each test visit lasts about 2 hours and 45 minutes. A short follow-up visit or telephone call takes place within 7 days after the second test visit. People aged 18 to 65 can take part if they have no balance disorder and meet the other study requirements. People cannot take part if, for example, they are allergic to atogepant, have taken a CGRP-blocking medicine in the past 6 months, have severe kidney or liver problems, have unstable heart disease, have a pacemaker, or are pregnant or breastfeeding. Participants are not expected to get a health benefit from taking part. The study is done to learn more about how CGRP works in the balance system, which may help in developing treatments for dizziness and migraine in the future.

The goal of this clinical trial is to understand how using oral nicotine pouches effects the body in healthy volunteers. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. With multiple use of oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) throughout the day, participants will adjust their intake of nicotine to be similar to or higher than that seen with cigarette smoking or vaping. 2. With multiple use of ONPs throughout the day, participants will experience satisfaction, psychological reward and relief of withdrawal symptoms similar to that seen with cigarette smoking or vaping. Participants will rate ONP use as a satisfactory substitute for cigarette smoking or vaping. 3. Examine the cardiovascular effects (blood pressure and heart rate) of placebo, 3mg and 6mg ONPs, and the participants' usual cigarette or e-cigarette (vape). Participants will: * use 3 different strengths of ONPs (0 mg, 3 mg, 6 mg) and their usual inhaled nicotine product (cigarette or e-cigarette/vape) * visit the hospital research ward on 4 separate days for 8 hours each day * use one of each of the products in a randomized order (by chance, like flipping a coin) on each of the 4 hospital study days

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether stimulating a nerve in the neck changes how much pain people feel. It also looks at whether this stimulation changes brain activity. The study is being done in healthy adults ages 18 to 70. The nerve being studied is called the vagus nerve. It runs through the neck and connects to parts of the brain that handle pain. In this study, the nerve is stimulated from outside the body using a small device placed on the skin. There is no surgery, and nothing is implanted. The main questions it aims to answer are: (1) Does stimulating the vagus nerve lower the pain people feel during a cold water test? (2) Does stimulating the vagus nerve change the electrical activity in the brain? Researchers will compare pain ratings and brain activity under three conditions in the same person: no stimulation, real stimulation over the vagus nerve, and sham stimulation placed nearby on the neck. Sham stimulation feels similar but is not aimed at the nerve. Participants will: (1) Come to one visit that lasts about 90 minutes, with no follow-up visits, (2) Wear a cap that records the brain's natural electrical signals for the whole visit, (3) Place both hands in cold water, about 39 degrees Fahrenheit, up to three times for up to 2 minutes each time, (4) Rate their pain after each cold water test, (5) Wear a stimulation device on the neck during two of the three cold water tests, (6) Not be told which of those two is the real stimulation until the visit is over.

The goal of this clinical trial is evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of NS-079 with its main metabolite (NS-079-M1) in healthy participants. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is NS-079 safe and tolerable in heathy participants under tested dosing regimen? * What is the pharmacokinectic profile of NS-079 in healthy participants under tested dosing regimen and the effect of paroxetine? Researchers will compare NS-079 to a placebo to see the safety and tolerability when use NS-079.

This is a study to see the agreement of blood samples collected through different means and tube types for the HepQuant DuO Test. The HepQuant DuO Test is a blood-based test that involves a drink of a natural compound, cholate, and blood samples at 20 and 60 minutes. The study team is collecting clinical and laboratory data from patients living with chronic liver disease and healthy adult volunteers. The study has up to 2 study visits at an outpatient clinic and can take up to 4 weeks for a participant to complete study. At these visits, participants will undergo a HepQuant DuO test and other standard lab tests. In addition, the study team will ask about a participant's experience with different blood sampling methods.