Clinical trials

This multicenter observational study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in adults with lung cancer who developed checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis. The study will use both retrospective medical records and prospective follow-up data. Participants will not be assigned to any treatment by the study protocol. All treatment decisions will be made by the treating physicians as part of routine clinical care. Participants will be classified into three groups according to their subsequent treatment: rechallenge with a PD-L1 inhibitor, rechallenge with a PD-1 inhibitor, or no immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge. The primary outcome is the recurrence of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis after rechallenge. Secondary outcomes include immune-related adverse events, progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate, and disease control rate at 24 weeks. Approximately 150 participants will be included across multiple study centers in China.

This multicenter, prospective, randomized, non-inferiority trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection (CS-EMR) and hot snare endoscopic mucosal resection (HS-EMR) for resection of intermediate-size (10-20 mm) flat nonpedunculated colorectal polyps.

To evaluate the utility of DCR-derived parameters for identifying dynamic functional imaging phenotypes, assessing disease severity, and predicting the risk of disease progression in COPD.

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) refers to an infectious disease caused by fungi invading the human body, growing and reproducing in tissues, organs, or blood, and leading to inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Due to the suppression of immune system function during the disease and its treatment process, patients with hematological malignancies are prone to opportunistic infections, including IFD, with the lungs being the most common site of infection. In patients with hematological malignancies, IFD is often difficult to diagnose and progresses rapidly. Some patients become critically ill, which severely affects their prognosis. With the rapid development of molecular biology techniques, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of pathogenic microorganisms-as a broad-coverage, highly sensitive diagnostic tool with a short reporting cycle-has been widely applied in the etiological diagnosis of clinical infectious diseases. However, its clinical value in the diagnosis of IFD remains to be explored. This study is a single-center, single-arm, open-label clinical study to to explore the clinical performance of peripheral blood mNGS in the diagnosis and treatment of IFD in patients with hematological malignancies.

Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have both been reported to be two effective treatment methods for small rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET). However, there is no consensus on the best method for the endoscopic resection of rectal NET. Therefore, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of UEMR and ESD for the treatment of small rectal NET.

This prospective real-world cohort study aims to compare early postoperative complications between flow diverter treatment and stent-assisted coiling in patients with unruptured wide-neck intracranial bifurcation aneurysms. A total of 274 patients from three centers in China will be enrolled and assigned to the flow diverter group or the stent-assisted coiling group according to the treatment received in routine clinical practice. The primary outcome is a composite of any stroke or all-cause death within 30 days after the procedure. The study will also collect demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, aneurysm morphological, procedural, and follow-up data to evaluate the safety of these two endovascular treatment strategies in a real-world setting.

This multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial will compare modified single-incision plus one-port laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (mSILPD+1) with conventional five-port laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (CLPD) in adults with histologically confirmed or highly suspected non-pancreatic periampullary carcinoma who are candidates for pancreaticoduodenectomy. A total of 232 participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio. Outcome assessors who adjudicate complications and interpret imaging will be masked to treatment assignment. The primary outcomes are all-cause mortality within 90 days after surgery and overall survival at 1 year after surgery. Secondary outcomes will assess postoperative complications, surgical performance, postoperative recovery, disease-free survival, quality of life, and health-care costs.

This prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate whether linked color imaging (LCI) could reduce the miss rate of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) during tandem colonoscopy compared with conventional white-light imaging (WLI).

This retrospective observational cohort study will evaluate whether perioperative antibiotic use is associated with long-term surgical scar outcomes. The study will include adult patients who underwent body surface surgery at Nanfang Hospital between January 1, 2005 and January 1, 2025 and have available surgical, medication, and scar-related clinical records. The study will not assign participants to any treatment. Researchers will review existing medical records, perioperative antibiotic exposure, surgical characteristics, complications, and scar assessments or photographs. Scar outcomes will be assessed using modified visual analogue scale scores, scar width, scar type, and scar-related complications.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if adding rituximab to the ATG-based Protocol can prevent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) from reactivating in children who have received an allogeneic haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant. It will also learn about the safety of adding rituximab. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does giving rituximab twice during the conditioning regimen lower the number of children who have EBV reactivation after transplant? What medical problems or side effects do children experience when they receive rituximab in addition to the ATG-based Protocol? Researchers will compare the group that receives rituximab (two doses before transplant) with a control group that receives no rituximab, to see if the addition of rituximab effectively prevents EBV reactivation. Participants will: Receive either rituximab (two doses during the preconditioning phase) or no extra treatment (control group), depending on which group they are assigned to Have regular follow-up visits for blood tests to monitor their EBV-DNA levels Keep a record of any symptoms or health changes they notice between visits

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is on the rise, leading to an increasing economic and social burden. Currently, the diagnosis and staging of COPD heavily rely on pulmonary function testing. However, limitations such as patient cooperation and comorbidities can hinder accurate diagnosis. In situations like a respiratory pandemic, pulmonary function testing may not be feasible. Dynamic chest radiography has emerged as a promising area of research due to its quick procedure, high patient cooperation, low risk, minimal radiation exposure, and reduced direct contact. Recent clinical studies have started to explore the relationship between dynamic chest X-ray measurements and lung function parameters. However, there is a noticeable scarcity of research focusing on the use of dynamic chest X-ray in aiding the diagnosis of COPD, particularly in Chinese populations where cohort data is lacking. Consequently, there is a pressing need to investigate the correlation between various dynamic chest radiograph parameters and lung function indicators, as well as their potential diagnostic value in COPD.

Brief Summary： The goal of this clinical trial is to compare whether the traditional approach (stent-assisted coiling) is associated with a lower complication rate than flow diverter (Pipeline™) treatment for unruptured intracranial wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. It will also evaluate the long-term imaging outcomes and safety of both treatments. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the traditional approach result in a lower rate of any stroke or all-cause death within one year after treatment compared to the flow diverter? * What medical problems do participants experience during and after each treatment? * What are the imaging cure and stability rates at 1, 2, and 5 years after treatment? Researchers will compare the traditional approach (stent-assisted coiling) with the flow diverter (Pipeline™) to determine which treatment has better safety and efficacy outcomes. Participants will: * Be randomly assigned to receive either the flow diverter or traditional stent-assisted coiling * Undergo the assigned endovascular procedure * Return for follow-up visits at 30 days, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years after surgery for clinical assessments and imaging examinations (DSA, MRA, or CTA)

The purpose of this single-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial is to clarify the clinical efficacy and safety of Getong Tongluo Capsule in patients with ischemic stroke. Combined with gut microbiome and metabolomics techniques, investigators will explore whether this medicine exerts neuroprotective effects via the gut-brain axis. Investigators will further verify its pharmacological mechanism through animal experiments to provide evidence for its clinical application.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether doing phacoemulsification combined with gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy as an initial treatment can reduce the burden of glaucoma eye drops in adults with primary open-angle glaucoma and cataract. It will also learn whether this early surgical strategy improves ocular surface health and vision-related quality of life. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does early combined surgery reduce the need for long-term glaucoma medications? Does early combined surgery improve ocular surface health compared with cataract surgery followed by guideline-based glaucoma eye drops? Does early combined surgery improve vision-related quality of life and anxiety compared with the medication-based treatment strategy? What medical problems or complications do participants have after treatment? Researchers will compare phacoemulsification combined with gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy to phacoemulsification followed by guideline-based topical eye pressure-lowering medications. Participants will: Undergo cataract surgery with or without gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy Attend follow-up visits for 24 months after treatment Have eye pressure, visual acuity, OCT, AS-OCT, visual field, ocular surface, and safety examinations at scheduled visits Complete quality-of-life and anxiety questionnaires at scheduled visits Provide tear samples at selected visits for biomarker testing where applicable

How to promote the prognosis and outcome of RTOM, restore oral function, and improve quality of life are key issues for improving the long-term outcomes of head and neck malignant tumor radiotherapy, and are also integral parts of the patient-centered Traditional Chinese Medicine "prevention-treatment-rehabilitation" system for RTOM. This project aims to thoroughly evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compounds in the rehabilitation phase of RTOM, targeting the long-term rehabilitation outcomes of RTOM, and to conduct a phase II clinical trial. In this project, Sancai Fengsui Decoction will be used as an oral medication to improve the rehabilitation status of RTOM, and will be compared with a placebo group. The efficacy of the oral medication will be evaluated by comparing outcome measures including the 2-week pain relief rate in the oral cavity/oropharynx, the RTOG grade remission rate for RTOM, and the relief rate of xerostomia. As an important extension of TCM prevention and treatment for RTOM, this project can provide a high-level evidence-based TCM protocol for the long-term rehabilitation of RTOM.

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of rituximab combining with low-dose mycophenolate mofetil in the induction therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis in children.

The goal of this clinical trial is to explore the effectiveness and adverse reactions of doxepin solution spray for alleviation of stubborn breakthrough pain induced by swallowing in patients receiving radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

This study is an open-label, multicenter, single-arm clinical study.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective therapy for hematological malignancies. Nonetheless, poor graft function remains a life-threatening complication after allo-HSCT. Poor erythroid engraftment is associated with increased bleeding events and shorter survival. Current treatment methods such as epoetin or repeated red-cell transfusions are not effective for poor erythroid engraftment, with limited and transient responses. Retrospective studies suggested that luspatercept showed efficacy in patients with anemia post-transplantation or poor erythroid engraftment. However, there are no studies comparing luspatercept versus epoetin for the treatment of poor erythroid engraftment. Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled study to compared the effect of luspatercept versus epoetin in treating poor erythroid engraftment for hematological malignancies.

This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with bemocizumab as neoadjuvant therapy for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, with the goal of improving the pathological complete response (pCR) rate and margin-negative resection(R0) resection rate in patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery, as well as enhancing disease-free survival (DFS) in postoperative patients. This will provide guidance and new options for the treatment of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.

This study is a single-center observational investigation aimed at systematically exploring the key molecular features influencing the prognosis of malignant tumors by integrating multidimensional clinical information with multi-omics molecular data. The goal is to provide a critical scientific basis for constructing precise prognostic prediction models, identifying potential therapeutic targets, and optimizing clinical treatment strategies. The study plans to consecutively enroll adult patients with histologically confirmed malignant tumors who received antitumor therapy at our hospital between January 2017 and December 2025. Clinical data (including demographic characteristics, tumor pathology information, treatment histories, and survival follow-up data) will be systematically collected from electronic medical records. Additionally, tumor tissue or blood samples will be obtained from the patients for sequencing, staining, ELISA, drug sensitivity testing, and flow cytometry analysis to comprehensively characterize the genomic features, immune microenvironment, and cellular heterogeneity of the tumors.

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of different ratios of electrolyte beverage and water combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on bowel preparation quality before colonoscopy. Participants undergoing elective colonoscopy will be randomly assigned to one of three bowel preparation regimens: PEG prepared with water only, PEG prepared with a low ratio of electrolyte beverage and water, or PEG prepared with a medium ratio of electrolyte beverage and water. The primary outcome is adequate bowel preparation assessed by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Secondary outcomes include bowel preparation completion rate, tolerability, adverse events, repeat colonoscopy rate, adenoma detection rate, and ingestion rhythm characteristics during bowel preparation. This study also aims to explore whether electrolyte beverage-assisted bowel preparation may improve bowel cleansing quality by influencing participants' ingestion rhythm and adherence during PEG intake.

Through a single-center retrospective cohort study of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving secondary prevention with indobufen, clopidogrel, cilostazol, or aspirin as monotherapy or dual therapy, we aim to compare the real-world effectiveness and safety of these four antiplatelet regimens. Through closely tracking the recurrence of stroke (including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) and bleeding events (GUSTO-defined) within one year of treatment, we evaluate the association between each antiplatelet agent and the risk of stroke recurrence, thereby providing critical evidence to guide individualized antiplatelet therapy in AIS patients.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate postoperative adaptive adjuvant therapy in patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus immunotherapy and radical gastrectomy.The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. In patients with poor pathological response, does switching to a alternative postoperative treatment regimen improve survival? 2. In patients with complete pathological response, can observation without routine postoperative treatment maintain favorable survival outcomes? Participants will be assigned to different cohorts according to their pathological response after surgery and will be followed regularly for recurrence, survival, and treatment-related side effects.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a chronic progressive kidney disease, and long-term control of proteinuria and prevention of relapse are crucial for delaying disease progression. Patients with IgAN who achieve proteinuria remission after receiving Nefecon for 9 months or longer still face the risk of proteinuria relapse after treatment discontinuation. This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nefecon 8 mg treatment for 15 months as a maintenance therapy for prevention of proteinuria relapse in proteinuria-remitted patients.