Biomarkers

This study examines saliva samples from patients with osteoporosis. The levels of cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) enzyme in saliva will be measured. Additionally, the dental caries status of participants will be evaluated. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between osteoporosis and oral health. Only saliva samples will be collected from participants; no treatment or medication will be administered.

Current diagnostic methods rely primarily on clinical symptoms, supplemented by brain imaging and physiological tests. However, these signs of injury only become apparent once significant damage has occurred, thus delaying intervention and compromising the effectiveness of treatments. Therefore, there is a need to develop new markers to develop preventive measures for the consequences of perinatal asphyxia. The primary objective is to compare cognitive and motor development at 18 months in three populations (PA, at risk of PA, and Control) defined on the basis of clinical, biological, and neural criteria.

Medical and technological advancements allow increasingly complex invasive procedures to be performed on hospitalized patients, improving their survival rates and prognosis. However, these interventions impact physical, emotional, and psychological health. In this scenario, post-hospitalization syndrome (PHS) emerges as a concerning phenomenon characterized by functional, emotional, and social decline after discharge. Invasive procedures such as surgeries or prolonged use of catheters not only compromise physical integrity but also contribute to disorders like anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. In fact, between 20% and 30% of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) develop symptoms compatible with post-traumatic stress disorder. This underscores the need for a comprehensive approach focused on psychological and social well-being during and after the hospital stay. Despite humanization initiatives, few hospitals successfully implement them due to a lack of objective evaluations and clinical recommendations that justify their necessity. In this regard, venous catheterization (VC) is the most prevalent invasive procedure. The pain, anxiety, or fear caused by this technique triggers physiological and psychological alterations that can interfere with the successful insertion of the device. This stress response induces vasoconstriction, reducing the caliber of the vein, which increases technical difficulty, elevates the risk of complications, raises healthcare costs, and negatively impacts patient satisfaction. Natural outdoor environments have been shown to reduce stress, enhancing well-being and health in the general population. In this sense, the use of immersive virtual reality (IVR) to achieve immersion in virtual nature could help not only by diverting attention away from the painful or anxiety-inducing stimulus during invasive procedures but also by providing pleasant stimuli that could have a physiological impact. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of IVR on stress and anxiety during VC using validated clinical scales, measuring the caliber of the vessel to be punctured, and determining salivary biomarkers of stress, well-being, and pain. Confirming this hypothesis will provide the evidence to integrate virtual reality into the National Health System as a standard tool for more humanized and innovative care.

This study compares p-tau217 concentrations in blood collected via the Tasso device versus standard venipuncture in subjects with and without Alzheimer's disease, including a subset with confirmed amyloid pathology.

This outpatient study examines how inhaled cannabis, combustible or vaporized, alters lung health and breath biomarkers compared to a tobacco cigarette.

Urinary tract infections (UTI), mainly driven by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are a frequent cause of hospitalization and the second cause of antibiotic prescription after lower respiratory tract infections. Integrons play a major role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among GNB. In the prospective INVICTUS project, whose ultimate objective is to reduce the use of large broad-spectrum antibiotics, our hypothesis is that, in adult patients with a non-severe UTI (qSOFA\<2) and a former documentation with a 3GC-resistant GNB in the previous 6 months, integrons search could reduce the empirical use of large broad-spectrum antibiotics.

The goal of this prospective, observational study is to understand if cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) has different velocities and patterns of temporal development, dependent on a concurrent ischemic stroke. It focusses on adult patients with known or newly diagnosed CSVD on magnetic resonance imaging. The study will evaluate if blood based, in parts central nervous system specific protein markers, so called biomarkers, have an additional value reflecting the course of CSVD as defined per MRI assessments. Further patient-relevant endpoints include neuropsychological abilities, neurological functional outcomes, quality of life assessments, stroke recurrence risk.

This study aims to comparatively investigate the effects of low-volume High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) on gait, balance, cognitive functions, and neurovascular biomarkers (BDNF, VEGF) in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This randomized controlled trial will be conducted at Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are malignant tumors originating from the epithelial mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. The oral cavity is the most frequent location of HNSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma: OSCC). Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are the greatest risk factors. The Hauts de France region has one of the highest incidence rates of OSCC. The overall survival of patients with OSCC remains low, with a 5-year overall survival rate of around 60%. In addition to the oncological prognosis, OSCCs and their treatment have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. An early diagnosis of OSCC is recommended, but it remains difficult. It can be for example challenging to diagnose OSCC in a context of oral premalignant lesions. Identifying objective biomarkers of malignancy would be an advantage and would allow better progress in the field of precision medicine and surgery for these tumors. The investigators propose to establish the diagnostic use of an optimized DNA methylation profile detected in the saliva of OSCC patients by comparing these epigenetic marks before and after tumor resection. The investigators will construct a consolidated signature of 4 genes whose DNA is subject to methylation and gene expression is restricted to cancer cells, by crossing TCGA analysis with single-cell analysis (single-cell RNA sequencing). The investigators propose to analyse DNA methylation of the corresponding genes in the saliva of n=30 OSCC patients recruited for primary surgical resection in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery vs controls. In addition, the investigators will examine the methylation profiles before / after complete excisional surgery of OSCC. This pilot study will aim to validate the analysis of DNA methylation markers in saliva of OSCC, with the aim of improving the diagnostic precision of OSCC and, secondly, to compare these markers before and after treatment by primary surgery.

The goal of this observational study is to learn if AI-assisted cardiac CT imaging can improve cardiovascular risk stratification and prediction of future coronary events in an adult population undergoing clinically indicated cardiac CT. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Can AI-enhanced cardiac CT accurately assess cardiovascular risk in a real-world adult population? * How do CT-derived plaque characteristics correlate with clinical, biochemical, and lifestyle risk factors? Researchers will compare subgroups (e.g., patients with different risk profiles, biomarkers, or imaging findings, and a subset undergoing OCT imaging) to see if differences in imaging and clinical parameters are associated with cardiovascular risk and plaque vulnerability. Participants will: * Provide informed consent and medical history/demographic information * Undergo blood sampling for cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers * Have a resting ECG performed * Complete a detailed lifestyle and health questionnaire * Receive a non-invasive cardiac CT scan interpreted by an expert * Potentially receive heart rate-lowering medication (e.g., metoprolol) if required for imaging quality * Be referred for further clinical evaluation if clinically indicated 

This is a multi-center, cross-sectional, observational study aimed at developing biological age calculators specifically for the Russian population investigating various aging phenotypes. Aging is a complex process that varies greatly between individuals, meaning that chronological age does not always reflect one's biological health status. The primary goal of this study is to identify and analyze a comprehensive set of markers (including socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, physical parameters, cognitive function, and laboratory biomarkers) that best reflect the aging process. Using this data, researchers will create a mathematical model to estimate a person's "biological age." The study plans to enroll at least 3,500 male and female volunteers aged 18 years and older from across Russia. Participants will be divided into 5-year age groups (e.g., 18-24, 25-29, up to 90+ years) to ensure broad representation. Participation involves a single visit to a clinical center. During this visit, participants will undergo: Interview and questionnaires (assessing health history, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, diet, sleep, and quality of life). Physical examination and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, blood pressure, grip strength). Functional and cognitive tests (e.g., walking speed, balance tests, memory and attention tasks tailored to age). Collection of biomaterials: blood (50 ml), urine, and stool samples for extensive laboratory analysis, including routine tests and specialized aging biomarkers. Part of the biomaterials will be biobanked for future scientific research. Instrumental examinations for a subset of participants: Depending on the center's capabilities and the study protocol, some participants may also undergo additional assessments such as densitometry (bone density scan), bioimpedance analysis (body composition), and brain MRI. The results are expected to lead to the creation of a validated biological age calculator for the Russian population. This tool could help identify targets for interventions to promote healthy aging and, in the future, potentially predict the risk of developing age-related chronic diseases.

Project PHOENIX is an observational clinical research study designed to characterize molecular, genomic, cellular, and functional features in blood specimens from former U.S. Service Members with prior burn pit exposure and from matched unexposed controls. Participants will complete screening, informed consent, health and exposure questionnaires, and a one-time blood collection. Blood-derived specimens may undergo genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, immunophenotyping, and cellular functional analyses. Participants may also agree to optional future re-contact for health updates and possible repeat blood collection. The goal is to identify biologic signatures associated with prior deployment-related burn pit exposure and to support future biomarker discovery and translational research in veteran health.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of three different irrigation activation techniques-conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), ultrasonic irrigation (UI), and SWEEPS (Shock Wave Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming)-on the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)) and proteolytic enzymes matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. Methodology: Sixty-six male patients (aged 18-35) with single-rooted teeth, previous root canal treatment (at least 4 years ago), and periapical lesions (\<1 cm, PAI score 3 or 4) were included. Sample size was determined by G\*Power (Power=0.90, α=0.05). Following local anesthesia and rubber dam isolation, endodontic access was performed under a dental operating microscope. After removing old filling material and completing root canal preparation with Reciproc R25/R50 files, patients were randomly assigned into three groups (n=22 each): (1) CSI (30G needle), (2) UI (EMS miniPiezon), and (3) SWEEPS (Er:YAG laser, 2940 nm). Periapical exudate samples were collected using sterile paper points (2 mm beyond the apex for 60s) at the first visit (pre-treatment) and the second visit (one week post-medication with calcium hydroxide). Samples were analyzed via ELISA for TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP-9 levels. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 20. Percent changes in biomarker levels were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test for inter-group comparisons and the Wilcoxon test for intra-group (pre- vs. post-treatment) comparisons. Linear regression was used to identify effective factors (group, age, gender, tooth type). Significance was set at (p \< 0.05). Keywords: Apical periodontitis, SWEEPS, Ultrasonic activation, Cytokines, MMP-9, Endodontics.

This project aims to assess the expression levels of novel molecular markers identified through screening in clinical samples of malignant pleural effusion, to evaluate the feasibility and clinical utility of these markers as potential diagnostic genes for lung adenocarcinoma.

The recent validation of thrombectomy in addition to thrombolysis with intravenous administration of alteplase suggests a major revolution in the management of acute strokes. This treatment option also opens up a new field of research, making possible the analysis of the clot responsible for intracranial occlusion. Indeed, in about 30% of the cases, the thrombectomy procedure makes it possible to retrieve either partially or completely the clot. Previous studies have analyzed the correlation between the composition of the thrombus and the etiology of stroke. Their discordant results do not yet make it possible to distinguish a particular profile of thrombus according to etiology. Other studies have shown a correlation between the proportion of red blood cells in a thrombus and the likelihood that it is visible in MRI or cerebral scanning. More recently, one study has demonstrated a correlation between the presence of lymphocytes in the thrombus and an atheromatous etiology. The main limitations of these studies are the small number of patients included, the high variability of conservation protocols and the absence of plasma data, which does not allow for research on the correlation between clot composition and plasma biomarkers.

The biological diagnosis of AD is actually performed by analysing Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 peptides, total tau and tau phosphorylated at Thr181 (p-Tau181) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained by lumbar puncture (LP). Phospho-Tau 217 (p-Tau217) is a new biomarker that could be measured in plasma. The aim of this study is to compare the performances of plasma p-Tau217 with those of the reference CSF biomarkers in 150 patients recruited in the memory center of CHU Amiens (France). The study will be conducted during 18 months. The inclusion will be proposed to all patients for whom an indication of lumbar puncture / CSF is raised in a context of clinical suspicion of AD. During the daily hospitalization during which CSF will be collected for the "classical" biomarkers testing, a single tube of blood will be collected (anticoagulant EDTA, collected for p-Tau 217 analysis). The performances of CSF and plasma pTau 217 will be compared with the clinical diagnosis of AD (+, -, or indeterminate).

The epidemiology and outcome of febrile illnesses in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is poorly documented. The FIKI² study, a prospective observational study of community-acquired febrile illnesses coordinated by ITM and INRB and conducted at 2 clinical sites from 2021 to 2023, has deepened the knowledge of clinical presentation, etiology, outcome and profile of inflammatory/infectious biomarkers (white blood cells and C-reactive protein, or CRP). The management of febrile illnesses remains fraught with clinical challenges. Overuse of antibiotics in primary care remains a reality in the field, and has been observed in several studies, including FIKI². A number of initiatives are underway to address this problem, such as the use of biomarkers, the development of treatment guidelines and electronic decision support systems. The FIKI² study highlighted the potential role of CRP in rationalizing antibiotic use. In parallel, the 'AWARE antibiotic book' was published at the end of 2022 by the WHO, providing recommendations on the choice (or otherwise) of antibiotic therapy for over 30 common clinical infections, in both primary care and hospital settings. Based on the results of the FIKI² study, the main aim of the FI-CARE study is to investigate the impact of these new tools (CRP biomarker, AWARE antibiotic book, and electronic decision support systems) on first-line antibiotic use. Secondly, the study will consolidate previous results from FIKI² sites in terms of monitoring the etiologies of community-acquired febrile illnesses (particularly arboviruses); and reinforce this monitoring at new sites (depending on opportunities). This complementary study will also pursue FIKI²'s strategic objectives of strengthening clinical research capacity and consolidating biobanks in the DRC. FI-CARE is a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study of adults and children presenting to the emergency department or outpatient clinic with community-acquired febrile illness. A laboratory component with sample storage in a biobank is added in a modular fashion according to laboratory and research capacities, epidemiological interest and available funds.

This study aimed to compare the changes in AQP -4, -5, -9, and IL-8 levels in pulp tissue, GCF, and dentin fluid samples routinely obtained during the treatment of healthy and symptomatic teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis and investigate whether there is a correlation between them. A total of 70 patients aged 18-64 years with healthy (Group 1) and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (Group 2) diagnosed at Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics who will undergo routine root canal treatment will be included in the study, with a minimum of 35 participants for each group. Before starting treatment, DOS samples will be taken from healthy, symptomatic, irreversible pulpitis-diagnosed teeth and teeth contralateral to these teeth. A dentin fluid sample will be taken by holding the membrane on the dentin surface, and the pulp tissue will be removed and transferred to Eppendorf tubes. The treatment process will be completed by applying routine root canal procedures to the teeth. The samples' Aquaporin -4, -5, -9, and IL-8 levels will be analyzed by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Dental implants have been on the market for several years and they are routinely used to replace single/multiple missing teeth with a high success rate. However, there is still a limited number of studies comparing the influence of timing of implant placement on wound healing. In addition, there is no data available on the signaling pathways and the expression of healing biomarkers involved in the early stages of osseointegration after immediate implant placement (IP) or delayed implant placement (DP). The primary objective of this study is to describe changes in the expression of inflammatory, angiogenesis and osseous biomarkers of saliva at 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days and of PICF at 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after immediate implant placement (IP) compared with delayed placement (DP).

The purpose of this observational study is to examine the cyst fluid obtained after a puncture procedure performed for cyst diagnosis in participants with cystic lesions on clinical and radiological examination.The main question it aims to answer is: \- What is the exact mechanism of formation of odontogenic cysts? Biomarkers in the cyst fluid obtained after a puncture procedure performed as part of the diagnosis and treatment process of odontogenic cysts will be examined. The aim of this study is to gain insight into cyst pathology by examining the levels of biomarkers in odontogenic cyst fluid.

The study's objective is to evaluate the additive value of renal biomarkers (from blood and urine) for identifying individuals at high risk for severe acute kidney injury (AKI) above that of a novel natural language processing (NLP)-based AKI risk algorithm. The risk algorithm is based on electronic health records (EHR) data (labs, vitals, clinical notes, and test reports). Patients will enroll at the University of Chicago Medical Center and the University of Wisconsin Hospital, where the risk score will run in real time. The risk score will identify those patients with the highest risk for the future development of Stage 2 AKI and collect blood and urine for biomarker measurement over the subsequent 3 days.

Albumin/globulin ratio and platelet/albumin ratio as a predictive non-invasive biomarker for lupus nephritis (LN) presence and severity

To compare the effect of Bio-C Temp Bioceramic intracanal dressing versus calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicaments on: * Intensity of postoperative pain * levels of MMP -9 in Periapical Fluids.

This study aims to compare the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on hormonal, immunological, and metabolic biomarkers in young individuals using blood and saliva samples. It will also assess participants' physical activity levels, depression levels, and general lifestyle habits to explore their relationship with biomarker profiles. Biomarkers such as testosterone, progesterone, cortisol, IgA, alpha-amylase, insulin, lactate, and various inflammatory cytokines will be measured using ELISA. The study seeks to evaluate the physiological and psychosocial effects of different types of exercise in a holistic manner.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between healthy aging and dementia, and affects more than 15% of the population over the age of 60 in China. About 15% patients with MCI could progress into dementia after two years and about one-third develop into dementia within five years, which will lead to suffering, as well as staggering economic and care burden. So, exploring the predicting biomarkers from MCI to dementia to identify and delay progression to dementia at an early stage is of great social and clinical significance. Some reports based on a single neural biomarker suggest that risk models can predict the conversion of MCI to dementia, but no widely recognized prediction models basing on multiple complex markers have been used in clinical practice. The objectives of this study are to outline the spectrum of MCI transforming into dementia through a 5-year prospective longitudinal cohort study; Secondly, screening biomarkers for MCI transmit to dementia are based on clinical symptoms, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, neuroelectrophysiology, and humoral markers tests data.