Primary Dysmenorrhea,

Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstrual periods, is a common condition that can affect daily activities and quality of life. This study aims to evaluate whether using virtual reality (VR) can reduce pain and anxiety in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a VR group or a 2D video group. Participants in the VR group will watch a relaxing virtual environment using a VR headset for 20 minutes once a day for three consecutive days. Participants in the 2D video group will watch the same content for the same duration and frequency using a 2D screen, such as a phone, tablet, or computer. Pain intensity and anxiety levels will be assessed before and after each session during the three-day intervention. The study will compare changes in pain and anxiety between the two groups to evaluate the effect of VR in women with primary dysmenorrhea.

The aim of this clinical trial is to learn how whole-body vibration training and aerobic exercise training affect menstrual pain, symptom severity, and quality of life in young adult women with primary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that occurs without an underlying medical condition. It can interfere with daily activities and quality of life. Exercise may help manage menstrual pain, but more information is needed about the effects of different exercise approaches. This study will examine the effects of whole-body vibration training and aerobic exercise training in young adult women with primary dysmenorrhea. Researchers will assess menstrual pain, the severity of menstrual symptoms, and quality of life. The findings may help inform exercise-based approaches to managing primary dysmenorrhea.

Dysmenorrhoea is a condition that negatively affects the quality of life in women of many age groups. In girls with dysmenorrhoea in adolescence, there is an effect on school performance, self-confidence-depression problems and a decrease in quality of life due to pain. In order to eliminate these negative effects, they should receive a good treatment. Medical treatment usually tries to minimise and balance this situation. Considering the fact that families do not want to use drugs such as oral contraceptives in their children at this age and the risks of oral contraceptives, parents are in different searches. Considering that the approach to pain should always be from a holistic perspective, yoga and cognitive exercise therapy approaches are both biopsychosocial treatment methods within the scope of mind-body integrity. Yoga and cognitive exercise therapy approach is thought to reduce symptoms, improve physical functions and quality of life in adolescent girls. With these positive effects, school absenteeism decreases, depression and self-confidence improve. Health costs will also be reduced to some extent.

This randomized, sham-controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of self-administered acupressure on menstrual pain severity and premenstrual symptoms in women aged 18-30 years with primary dysmenorrhea. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a self-acupressure intervention group or a sham self-acupressure control group. The intervention will be applied during the premenstrual and menstrual periods over approximately six months. The primary outcome is the change in menstrual pain severity, and secondary outcomes include changes in premenstrual symptom severity, analgesic use, and menstruation-related activity limitation.

Abstract Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition affecting women of reproductive age and negatively impacting quality of life. It is characterized by cramping pain in the lower abdomen that may radiate to the lower back and thighs, leading to decreased daily functioning, academic performance, and psychological well-being. In addition to pharmacological treatments, complementary approaches are increasingly used in the management of dysmenorrhea. Yoga, a mind-body exercise that combines physical movement with mental focus, has been suggested as an effective method for reducing stress and pain associated with dysmenorrhea. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of awareness about dysmenorrhea in young women with primary dysmenorrhea and to investigate the effects of a yoga program on pain, quality of life, and menstrual attitudes following an educational session provided to all participants. Pain severity, quality of life, and menstrual attitudes will be assessed using validated questionnaires and scales, including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), awareness questionnaire, functional and emotional dysmenorrhea scale, Menstrual Attitude Scale, and quality of life questionnaire. This study aims to determine whether yoga exercises reduce dysmenorrhea symptoms and improve quality of life in young women with primary dysmenorrhea. Additionally, the study is expected to increase awareness about dysmenorrhea and provide evidence for the effectiveness of yoga as a non-pharmacological intervention.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the global impression of improvement at 3 months following intramyometrial botulinum toxin injections via hysteroscopy in women with severe primary dysmenorrhea who have failed first-line medical treatment, compared to intramyometrial placebo injections.

This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to investigate the effects of Connective Tissue Massage (CTM) and music-based Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training (PMRT) on pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, analgesic use, and menstruation-related symptoms in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: CTM, music-based PMRT, or control. Baseline assessment will be conducted during menstrual days 1-2 of Cycle 0. The interventions will be applied during the premenstrual intervention window of Cycle 0, from the estimated ovulation day, calculated as cycle length minus 14 days, until Cycle 1 Day 1. Post-intervention assessment will be conducted during menstrual days 1-2 of Cycle 1. No intervention will be applied after the post-intervention assessment, and follow-up assessment will be conducted during menstrual days 1-2 of Cycle 2. Outcomes including pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, analgesic use, menstrual symptoms, attitudes toward menstruation, functional and emotional impact of dysmenorrhea, and pain catastrophizing will be evaluated across menstrual cycles. Participant satisfaction and adherence to the interventions will also be assessed.

This study will examine whether Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) can reduce pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and functional-emotional impact in nursing students with primary dysmenorrhea. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive EFT-based support, and the control group will continue their usual coping practices. Study outcomes will be measured before the intervention, after the intervention, and at follow-up. This study may provide evidence for a safe, non-pharmacological approach to support students with primary dysmenorrhea.

This study is looking to test a non-compressive semiconductor embedded body sleeve for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea symptoms. Dysmenorrhea is the lower abdominal pain (sometimes referred to as "cramping") experienced during menstruation (monthly "period"), affecting up to 94% of people aged from 10-20 years old. The semiconductor embedded fabric increases blood circulation through activation of the embedded elements with body heat while worn and releases energy waves as well as negative ions. This energy has an effect inside the body that increases oxygen and nutrient flow to tissues, and can help to decrease pain and inflammation. This study is testing this technology to see if it can be used as a non-pharmacological treatment for menstrual cramping.

This study is to evaluate the effects of CL25216 on hormonal balance and menstrual health in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Enrolled subjects will receive either CL25216 - 250 mg/day or placebo.

Dysmenorrhea is defined as lower abdominal pain experienced during menstruation. It is divided into two types: primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. In young women, the majority of dysmenorrhea cases are primary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea has a physical, psychological, and social impact on young women. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to treat primary dysmenorrhea. Education is important in increasing the effectiveness of primary dysmenorrhea treatment. An effective education process takes place in accordance with nursing theories and models. There are a limited number of studies on the effect of comfort theory-based education in the management of primary dysmenorrhea. In this research, planned as a randomized controlled trial, the intervention group will receive comfort theory-based education, while the control group will receive no intervention. This study aims to contribute to the literature by investigating the effect of comfort theory-based education on dysmenorrhea, menstrual symptoms, premenstrual syndrome, and general well-being in university students with primary dysmenorrhea.

This study aims to investigate the effects of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) on women with primary dysmenorrhea (PD).

Pain is an unpleasant sensation that negatively affects individual experiencing it, depending on its quality, intensity, location, and duration. One of the causes of pain among females is dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is defined as pain during menstruation. A significant population of females experience mild, moderate or severe pain during menstruation. Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as dysmenorrhea with the absence of any organic pathology starting 6-12 months after the menarche and frequently continuing till menopause, while secondary dysmenorrhea results from gynecologic problems such as adenomyosis, endometriosis, uterine fibroid and others.

Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition that negatively affects women's physical, psychological, and social well-being. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) has been associated with reduced pain thresholds in various body regions; however, evidence regarding its relationship with joint mobility, respiratory muscle strength, and psychosocial factors remains limited. In addition, the influence of menstrual attitudes, physical activity habits, and depressive symptoms in women with PD has not been sufficiently explored. Therefore, this study aims to compare women with and without primary dysmenorrhea in terms of pain threshold, joint mobility, physical activity level, respiratory muscle strength, menstrual attitudes, and depressive symptoms. Identifying the parameters affected by PD is essential for developing effective management strategies and may contribute to increased awareness and improved clinical approaches for primary dysmenorrhea.

This study will be conducted to evaluate the effect of Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (TTNS) on primary dysmenorrhea.

The purpose of the study is to assess knee joint position sense, pain and dynamic balance in female with primary dysmenorrhea.

The purpose of this study if to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CDE100 in the Treatment of Menstrual Cramp Pain Associated With Primary Dysmenorrhea.

This study aims to investigate the effect of primary dysmenorrhea on the activity of the abdominal and back muscles in young adult females.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a beverage containing chamomile and L-theanine on menstrual symptoms, pain intensity, mood, and sleep quality among young adult females with primary dysmenorrhea.

Primary dysmenorrhea refers to menstrual pain not caused by pelvic organic lesions, commonly seen in young women, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Dry needling therapy targeting myofascial trigger points for primary dysmenorrhea has been preliminarily applied in clinical settings. However, related research is limited with questionable quality, hindering its widespread clinical application. Furthermore, is there a connection between myofascial trigger points in dry needling and acupuncture acupoints in terms of selection and mechanism of action? Could this be a new interpretation of acupuncture theory? These are important questions that have garnered widespread attention. This study employs a randomized patient-blinded controlled design, enrolling primary dysmenorrhea patients aged 18 to 30 years. They are randomly divided into three groups: the trigger point dry needling group, traditional acupuncture treatment group, and trigger point sham needle (placebo) group. Changes in pain levels, quality of life scores, inflammatory factor levels, and local blood flow before and after treatment among the three groups are observed. The aim is to assess the therapeutic effects of dry needling trigger points and acupuncture treatments on primary dysmenorrhea and explore their potential mechanisms of action. By comparing the differences and similarities between dry needling trigger points and acupuncture treatments in terms of acupoint selection, treatment effects, and potential mechanisms of action, this study seeks to preliminarily explore the feasibility of integrating trigger point theory into the meridian 'acupoint' theory, laying the foundation for a modern interpretation of acupuncture

This study will be conducted to study the effect of virtual reality therapy on prostaglandin levels in adolescent females with primary dysmenorrhea.

Dysmenorrhea is severe lower abdominal pain in women during menstruation. The pain is usually cramping and can radiate to the thighs or lower spine. Lower abdominal pain may be accompanied by vomiting, headache, back pain, diarrhea, fatigue, etc. Depending on the pathophysiology, dysmenorrhea is classified into two types: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is menstrual pain associated with normal ovulatory cycles in the absence of pelvic pathology and a clear physiologic etiology and is most commonly seen in adolescents and young adults. There are numerous studies on PD in the literature, but there is still a lack of studies on which of the non-pharmacologically recommended exercise and other methods is more effective on dysmenorrhea symptoms, sleep and quality of life for individuals with this problem. Different exercise intensities may affect PD symptoms through different mechanisms. Moderate to high intensity exercise may reduce pain by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas less intense exercise, such as yoga, affects pain levels by decreasing cortisol levels. The lack of research on which exercise training is more effective in PD individuals was considered as a limitation. In the light of this information, the aim of the investigators study is to compare the effects of different training techniques on dysmenorrhea symptoms, sleep and quality of life in PD treatment and to present the preferability of these techniques based on evidence.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea, a common condition characterized by painful menstrual cramps. The study will involve women diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea, who will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: Experimental Group: Participants will perform a supervised aerobic exercise program tailored to their fitness level. Control Group: Participants will continue their usual care without any additional interventions. The study will run from February 2025 to April 2025 in Madrid, Spain. Before starting, all participants will complete a questionnaire to gather information about their demographics, menstrual cycle characteristics, medical history, and physical activity levels. This will help ensure an accurate diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea and provide baseline data for comparison. Participants will be randomly assigned to their groups using a computer-generated sequence, with allocation managed confidentially to avoid bias. The study's single-blind design ensures that the evaluators will not know the group assignments. The goal of this research is to determine whether regular aerobic exercise can serve as an effective, non-pharmacological intervention to reduce the severity of menstrual pain and improve the quality of life for women with primary dysmenorrhea. The findings will inform patients, families, and healthcare providers about potential lifestyle strategies to manage this condition.

This study will be conducted to assess the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) activity in primary dysmenorrhea (PD).

The rationale of this study is despite the widespread belief that exercise can reduce dysmenorrhea, evidence-based studies are limited. Studies are therefore required to evaluate the association between quality of life and the primary dysmenorrheal females, the functional impact on the quality of life and primary dysmenorrhea females also it's a crucial time for females to focus on their studies and dysmenorrhea can add to the fatigue levels and cause distress in this age group thus the purpose of this study is to determine whether myokinetic active release of trigger points in the rectus abdominis, gluteus medius and quadratus lumborum is a more effective way to reduce dysmenorrhea than kegel exercises