Clinical trials

Obesity is a complex health condition defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an excess of body weight that may be harmful to health. It leads to other diseases such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, commonly referred to as "co-morbidities." Among these, it is known that obesity increases the risk of developing infectious diseases and of these diseases progressing to severe stages. During the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic, a rise in severe infection cases was observed in people with obesity. A part of people with obesity exhibits certain markers on the surface of their immune cells, which are known to cause immunosuppression when present in high numbers, thus increasing the risk of developing infectious diseases. Investigator teams found that after bariatric surgery and a calorie-restricted diet for weight loss, patients with obesity can improve the levels of these immunity-related markers. Moreover, the choice of foods consumed contributes to strengthening the immune system and immune functions of individuals, both directly by influencing inflammation and indirectly through the microbiota. However, to date, there are no dietary recommendations specifically designed to help people with obesity improve their immune response. Therefore, this study aims to compare different dietary recommendations intended to improve immune status, with or without calorie restriction, during 3 months, in individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and impaired immunity. Over 6 months (3 months of nutritional intervention and 3 months of follow-up), investigators will collect extensive information through biological samples, measurements and questionnaires to compare the different dietary interventions studied and to understand the mechanisms behind the results obtained.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication (DSM-5, 2013), affecting approximately 2% of the general population. In 5 to 40% of cases, genetic factors are identified as the cause of these disorders, with prevalence depending on the technique used (exomes and/or SNP arrays) and the associated intellectual deficit. In the majority of cases, the etiology remains unknown. Studies of microdeletions/microduplications (copy number variants) or Whole Exome Sequencing and Whole Genome Sequencing (Single Nucleotide Variants) show the involvement of numerous genes in the predisposition to autism. ASD remains a genetically heterogeneous disorder, as more than 250 genes have been associated with ASD to date. The main objective of the project is to continue identifying genetic factors, and also to understand the biological mechanisms involved in the emergence of autistic symptoms. Identifying biological pathways is an essential step in developing new therapeutic strategies. In addition, one of the major challenges of this study is to better understand the phenotype/genotype relationships in ASD. This requires in-depth knowledge of the phenotypic characteristics of participants with ASD and their families, as well as neurotypical populations. This study combines the scientific expertise of researchers specializing in molecular biology, phenotypic exploration (clinical, cognitive, MRI, EEG, biochemistry, immunology), and the use of pre-therapeutic cellular models (iPSCs, neural precursors, organoids). The objective of this work is the identification of numerous genes associated with ASD and involved in synaptic formation and regulation: NLGN3-4, SHANK1 and SHANK3, CNTN-6, and CNTNAP4. This work was combined with in-depth phenotypic explorations of ASD participants and their relatives. It has made it possible to clarify the neuroanatomical characteristics of participants with ASD and their genetic substrate, as well as the underlying cognitive processes. All of this work opens up new prospects for identifying new therapeutic targets using preclinical cell models (IPSCs Induced pluripotent stem cells, neural progenitors, organoids) developed in particular by I-Stem and Human Technopole.

The main goal of this project is to study the mechanisms of epileptic activities using intracranial macro and micro electrodes in epileptic patients undergoing pre-surgical investigation. The recordings will also be used to study physiological mechanisms like sleep and different cognitive functions.

Chronic alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) affect 10% of the population in France. They are associated with brain damage and cognitive impairment. These complications have a significant impact on patients' agency, autonomy, and ability to participate in their own care. The investigators need to improve our knowledge of medical treatments that can reduce these risks and harms, beyond providing support to quit drinking or reduce consumption. Nutritional and vitamin deficiencies, particularly thiamine deficiency, are involved in the onset of these complications. Thiamine deficiency causes Wernicke encephalopathy, which can lead to Korsakoff syndrome, a very severe episodic memory disorder. Blood tests to measure thiamine levels are not available in routine medical practice. And it is not currently covered by health insurance in France. However, the systematic prescription of thiamine is recommended during alcohol withdrawal by medical associations and health institutions in France and internationally. However, there are no clinical trial data in the international scientific literature demonstrating the medical benefits and required dosage of systematic supplementation outside the withdrawal period when alcohol use continues or when the patient does not seek alcohol abstinence. People who use multiple psychoactive substances, are in precarious situations, and are receiving treatment for substance use disorders at addiction treatment centers are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies. In this context, the place of systematic thiamine prescription arises with the aim of reducing risks and brain damage in patients who do not wish to or cannot stop their chronic alcohol use. One of the limitations of previous studies has been the lack of a suitable, reproducible, minimally invasive, inexpensive, and sensitive biomarker of therapeutic response. In this study, the investigators will use plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels, an innovative biomarker. In two recent studies, the study team demonstrated the relevance of this biomarker and its effectiveness in measuring brain suffering in patients with AUD and its kinetics during during inpatient alcohol withdrawal. The hypothesis the invastigators are working on is that, in a population at high risk of vitamin and nutritional deficiency and who are chronic alcohol users, systematic supplementation with thiamine (vitamin B1) would reduce the brain suffering associated with this deficiency and chronic alcohol use. To answer this question, the investigators conduct a randomized, open-label pilot study. The primary objective is to test the efficacy of thiamine supplementation in reducing brain suffering as measured by plasma NFL level in chronic alcohol users with alcohol use disorder. Secondary objectives are to perform analyses of potential moderating factors of the treatment effect (per-protocol analysis based on good adherence, presence of morning alcohol withdrawal symptoms, reported morning alcohol use) and to use plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and total plasma total tau protein as alternative biomarkers. the investigators include adult patients under the age of 65 with alcohol use disorder who are currently chronic active alcohol users reporting daily intake of at least 40g of alcohol, who are being treated in outpatient addiction treatment center, and who may have another substance use disorder as a comorbidity. This pilot study compares a group receiving 500 mg of thiamine supplementation in the morning and evening (1000 mg/day) over a period of 14 days with a control group receiving no supplementation. In order to measure the brain injury induced and its reduction, the investigators will measure plasma NFL level. Two measurements are performed, before supplementation begins (baseline, on day 0) and after two weeks of supplementation (follow-up visit, on days 14, 15, or 16). The primary judgment criterion is the change in plasma NFL level between baseline and follow-up, comparatively between the treatment group and the control group (time x treatment interaction). A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, adjusted for age and sex, is used.

The goal of this clinical study is to identify biomarkers associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) progression in PD patients, participants at-risk of developing PD (e.g., a person who does not have the disease but carrying a mutation known to be related to the disease or a person with a prodromal form as iRBD for example), as well as healthy volunteers. The working hypothesis of this study is that patients with Parkinson's disease can be stratified into etiological subgroups through the integration of omics data. Combining molecular signatures with longitudinal clinical and phenotypic data from the NS-PARK cohort will enable the development of disease progression models grounded in the pathophysiological mechanisms of Parkinson's disease. Researchers will compare the data with those from healthy volunteers to determine whether the findings are specific to PD, as some biomarkers may reflect broader processes related to neurodegeneration, aging, or comorbidities. In this ancillary study, in addition to the NS-PARK cohort assessments, participants will be proposed to do, during one visit: * A lumbar puncture * A blood draw * A urine collection * An olfactory test * A more detailed neuropsychological assessment

This European observational cohort follows patients with cystinosis, a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by CTNS mutations leading to cystine accumulation and multisystem involvement. It aims to describe the long-term clinical course under current treatments, focusing on renal and extra-renal complications, survival, and quality of life. It also evaluates treatment effects and explores biomarkers, including inflammatory markers, with biobanking for future research.

The main objectives of PPS3-2 are (i) to describe the dynamics of vascular aging and baroreflex sensitivity 12 to 16 years a part, (ii) to identify their determinants, and (iii) to quantify the subsequent risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Alport syndrome is a rare, inherited condition characterized by a combination of glomerular nephropathy progressing to kidney failure, deafness, and eye involvement. This disease is associated with mutations in the genes encoding one of the three IV collagen chains expressed in the glomerular basement membrane. Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease, but relatively little in understanding the progression of renal failure and in the area of therapeutics. We have shown in a retrospective European study that blockers of the renin angiotensin system may slow disease progression, but no controlled studies have been performed. Finally, innovative therapies (anti-micro-RNA, stem cells) have recently shown their effectiveness in animal models of the disease, and industrials are planning to quickly carry out phase 1 trials to test molecules. Carrying out therapeutic trials in humans will require full knowledge of the natural history of the disease (isolated hematuria, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, renal failure and its progression) and gathering a sufficient number of patients, especially in the early stages. These trials and the indications for treatments would be greatly facilitated by the discovery of biomarkers that make it possible to predict the progression to renal failure earlier than the onset of proteinuria. The study aims to: * Establish a European database on Alport syndrome to assess the natural history of the disease. * To investigate the impact of the disease on the educational and professional life of patients and their families, and on the adherence and tolerance to renin-angiotensin system blockers prescribed to proteinuric patients. * Investigate access to molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling, as well as identify biomarkers that can predict progression of kidney disease. This project will be carried out at a French level with the support and participation of the very active renal rare disease sector, in collaboration with various countries wishing to participate.

This controlled trial aims to investigate the neural adaptations induced by a 4-week resistance training program targeting the triceps surae muscles. Specifically, the study will examine the contribution of the corticospinal and reticulospinal pathways to the nervous adaptations associated with resistance training. It will give us more information about the nervous pathways mediating adaptations following this type of training. The main question it aims to answer is: What is the contribution of the cortico- and reticulospinal tracts to the nervous adaptations following a resistance training program? Participants will take part to a resistance training program of the triceps surae for 4 weeks. They will undergo assessments of corticospinal and reticulospinal excitability before and after the training intervention to determine changes in neural pathways The findings will improve our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying strength gains following resistance training.

Evaluate the efficiency of audiovisual stimulation in virtual reality for improving the visual perception of children, adolescents, and young adults with hemianopia resulting from pediatric brain tumors. These individuals can lose up to 50% of their visual field, significantly impacting their independence, mobility, and daily lives.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting \~10% of women of childbearing age. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, causing lesions and adhesions between the organs, and is often accompanied by intense pain and sometimes infertility. The four-stage classification based on the severity of lesions does not always reflect the severity of symptoms. Adenomyosis, a similar pathology, is often present in the same patients, although it is now considered distinct from endometriosis. Diagnosis usually takes a long time, with an average delay of 7 years. The cause of the disease remains unknown, but hormonal, genetic and environmental factors, such as exposure to endocrine disruptors, are suspected. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as dioxins and PCBs, may influence the risk and severity of the disease. Although experimental studies suggest a link between these substances and the progression of endometriosis, epidemiological research on the subject is still limited. The central hypothesis of the POPENDO project is that higher concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are associated with increased severity of endometriosis. The aim of the study is to explore the associations between serum levels of four families of POPs (PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, PFAS and BFR) and endometriosis.

Medical imaging is increasingly important for understanding diseases, detecting them early, and personalizing treatments. New imaging techniques, which can measure processes in the body without surgery, are opening the door to a more precise approach to medicine. Instead of relying on general probabilities, this technology allows us to analyze specific factors in a person's health, leading to better predictions and targeted treatments. One key challenge in medicine today is reducing "residual individual risk"-the remaining health risks that current treatments don't fully address. This involves understanding how factors like age, sex, genetics, and environment affect our health, particularly when it comes to conditions like heart and liver disease. By using imaging to distinguish between normal aging and disease, we can better assess individual health risks. The current project will create a large collection of medical images linked with health data from a broad population across France. Using advanced, non-invasive techniques such as MRI and ultrasound, researchers will analyze the heart, blood vessels, and liver in detail, considering factors like gender and health risk profiles. This will help improve our understanding of these diseases, which are often silent and not well understood, providing direct benefits to the participants. Ultimately, the goal is to optimize imaging technologies for large-scale studies, which will help enhance early detection and prevention for everyone.

The major role of human genetic factors in the immune response to infections is now well established, particularly for viral infections. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the following results have identified 1) several inborn errors of immunity (IEI) affecting the response or production of type I interferons (type I IFNs) in around 4% of adult patients with severe clinical disease, and 2) the presence of type I IFN-neutralizing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) in around 15% of severe cases, and 20% of deaths. The investigators would like to carry out a longitudinal immunological and clinical follow-up study on a prospective cohort of patients with either a genetic defect affecting the type I IFN-dependent immune response, or anti-IFN-I auto-Abs, to monitor the incidence of infectious and/or autoimmune events in these individuals, the evolution of neutralizing power, and the kinetics of auto-Abs. This should lead to a better understanding of the prevention and management of these patients. The research design is a national multicenter prospective cohort of adults with 1) anti-IFN-I auto-Abs or 2) IEI- IFN-I, with follow-up from 1 to 4 years. These individuals may be: 1) patients who have or have had clinical disease (related to COVID-19, other viral infections, autoimmune disorders); or 2) "healthy" participants (e.g. blood donors, relatives of an IEI patient). Follow-up will include: * yearly visits to the Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) or a clinical department with blood sampling; * specific visit in case of hospitalization for infectious events or adverse effects of vaccination, exacerbation or new diagnosis of auto-immune disease, new diagnosis of cancer, or SARS-CoV-2 infection whether or not patients are admitted to hospital, with blood sampling. In addition, a retrospective "passive" follow-up will be implemented through matching with the data from the SNDS (National Health Data System), in order to collect clinical events of and healthcare resource consumption. Moreover, matching with controls adults from the national CONSTANCES cohort, not carrying auto-Abs against type I IFNs nor IEI-IFN-I, will be performed. (ratio 3:1; matching on age (+/- 5 years), gender and geographic region of recruitment). Individuals under long-lasting immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs will not be eligible. Follow-up of controls, which will be carried out as part of the CONSTANCES cohort, will include web-based questionnaires, every 12 months, in addition to linking with SNDS data as already done in this cohort. Inclusion visit: After signing the consent form, the following tests will be performed: * Demographic characteristics (sex, age, country of birth) * Medical history from participant and family member(s) including infectious and auto-immune diseases, cancers and vaccination status and side effects * Blood samples for: * full blood cell count; * classical autoimmune investigations (anti-nuclear, anti-ENA, native anti-DNA, anti- thyroid antibodies, rheumatoid factor); * immunophenotyping\*; * auto-Abs against type I IFNs, other cytokines\*, or other target proteins\* (dosage and neutralization activity); * Genetic explorations by whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing\*; * Biobanking (DNA, plasma/sera; cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). * these biological analyses will be carried out as part of dedicated COVIFERON RHU5 workpackages. In addition, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza will be offered to these subjects as a priority, as part of their usual care. Follow-up visits : Annual visits to the CIC : * Medical history since last visit, including infectious, auto-immune and oncologic events, vaccination status and side effects * Blood samples for: * full blood cell count; * classical autoimmune investigation (anti-nuclear, anti-ENA, native anti- DNA, anti-thyroid antibodies, rheumatoid factor); * immunophenotyping; * Auto-Abs against type I IFNs, other cytokines, or other target proteins (dosage and neutralization) * Biobanking (DNA, plasma, cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) Additional specific visit in the event of a clinical event of interest, at any time during follow-up: * In case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whatever the severity of the disease: blood sampling for determination and neutralization of type I anti-IFN autoAbs, CBC, and biobanking (plasma and PBMC) and teleconsultation with the CIC in charge of patients, as soon as possible. * In the event of hospitalization for infectious events or exacerbation or new diagnosis of an auto-immune disease: blood sampling for determination and neutralization of anti-IFN-I autoAbs, CBC, and biobanking (plasma and PBMCs) and collection of the hospitalization report in the case report form on a dedicated page.

The aim of NS-PARK cohort are to describe the natural history of Parkinson's disease (PD), and to propose patients stratification models based on PD pathophysiological mechanisms. Patients are included at all PD expert centers in France. Standardized demographic, diagnosis, motor and non-motor symptoms evaluation, and treatment information are collected, and clinical data are updated at each visit of the patient at the center. A blood sampling is perform at baseline for genetic testing and implement an associated biocollection.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease and with early onset of symptoms (\<65 years) (AD-Y) have a multi-domain cognitive deficit, whereas memory disorders (typical of the elderly patient's AD) are less often in the foreground. In addition, some MA-J have an atypical phenotype indicating focal brain damage, although they have the same pathological lesions: amyloid deposits and tau protein deposition (DNF). This is the case of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) characterized by complex visual disturbances and atrophy affecting the more posterior regions of the brain. Based on the clinical profile of PCA patients, a more refined anatomo-clinical classification was proposed, distinguishing a rather "ventral" form and a rather "dorsal" form. The recent arrival of tau-specific PET tracers now makes it possible to evaluate in vivo fibrillary neurodegeneration (FND), which is well correlated with the severity of cognitive disorders. Advances in MRI have shown that each neurodegenerative syndrome targets a large-scale neural network, which in turn shows a vulnerability for a specific biological disease. In the case of AD, the reason for such a difference in cognitive and anatomical impairment between patients with diffuse involvement and others with more focal involvement is not known. One possible explanation is the existence, in focal forms, of neuronal mechanisms that oppose vulnerability. These mechanisms may correspond to the so-called "resilience" phenomenon, defined as resistance to a neuropathological process by the ability to optimize cognitive performance via the efficient recruitment of neural networks. The mechanisms underlying resilience in neurodegeneration are unknown. Their identification is very important for the management and treatment of AD.

Every year in the fall and winter, numerous respiratory viruses (such as influenza viruses, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), RSV, rhinovirus, and metapneumovirus) circulate in mainland France, causing acute respiratory infections (ARIs). These viruses can cause epidemics of varying severity, requiring close monitoring to determine their circulation levels and adapt public health measures accordingly. In France, ARI surveillance relies on two networks: the Sentinelles network in primary care and the RENAL network in hospitals. The Sentinelles surveillance is conducted in collaboration with Santé publique France, the National Reference Center for Respiratory Infection Viruses (Institut Pasteur and Hospices Civils de Lyon), and the University of Corsica. As part of the virological surveillance of ARIs, Sentinelles physicians are asked to collect nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva samples from a sample of patients presenting with an ARI during their clinic visits. This surveillance makes it possible to identify respiratory viruses circulating in primary care (general practice and pediatrics), to describe confirmed cases for each of the circulating viruses, and to estimate the impact of each on general practice. This surveillance also allows for the evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccines against influenza and COVID-19.

This prospective, single-center clinical investigation conducted in France will evaluate two non-invasive investigational devices (HEMI and SPG-NINOX) designed to assess microcirculation in adults. The study will include 165 participants divided into five groups (33 per group): healthy volunteers, patients with hypertension without chronic kidney disease (CKD), patients with type 2 diabetes without CKD, patients with moderate CKD, and patients with severe CKD. The primary objective is to compare baseline small vessel pressure measured with the HEMI (Multi-spectral optical system for microcirculation hemodynamics) device across groups in order to identify microvascular alterations associated with cardiometabolic and renal disease. Secondary objectives include assessment of microvascular responses after post-ischemic hyperemia, evaluation of SPG-derived (Speckle plethysmography) small vessel flow and volume parameters, comparison with reference vascular measurements (including SphygmoCor and ultra-high frequency ultrasound), and evaluation of feasibility, acceptability, and measurement reproducibility. Participation is non-randomized, based on participants' pre-existing clinical condition, and study procedures are non-invasive with an expected visit duration of approximately 60 minutes.

The gut microbiota is currently attracting increasing attention from the scientific community and also from the general public, as evidence of its role in human physiology has been highlighted. Microbial signatures have also been associated with various pathologies (e.g. obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases), but the causality of these associations is still uncertain. Among the factors that may influence the composition of the gut microbiota (e.g. lifestyle, hygiene, medication, genetics, environment), nutrition would a major role. The major changes in lifestyle and diet observed over recent decades are strongly suspected of disrpting the host-gut microbiota balance. In addition to their nutrient content, our diets also contain other bioactive compounds (e.g. polyphenols) and raise new issues (e.g. temporal structure of diets, food processing, presence of additives or contaminants such as pesticide residues, intake of dietary supplements, dietary exclusions, glycemic index) that is necessary to take into account. Thus, it is mandatory to explore and characterize in a more precise way, within large samples consisting of individuals with varied characteristics, the way in which the composition of the gut microbiota is influenced by the host's diet and its health consequences. The aim of this research is therefore to study the links between nutrition, gut microbiota profiles and health. To do this, the research will implement large-scale stool sample collection from participants in the NutriNet-Santé cohort ("Nutrinautes"), thus constituting a "microbiota" sub-cohort. A target of N=10,000 participants in the NutriNet-Santé cohort will be recruited on a voluntary basis. A selection will then be made among Nutrinautes willing to participate in the research (which may be more numerous than necessary) to maximize the diversity of profiles. Participants will be informed of their selection or non-selection by e-mail. A second stool sample will also be collected 2-3 months after the first for a sub-sample of N=300 to assess intra-individual variability in microbiota profiles. The selected participants will receive a stool self-sampling kit with detailed instructions by post to their home address. The pseudonymized samples will be returned by mail by the participant to the processing laboratory, which will determine their gut microbiota characteristics by 16S rDNA sequencing and/or " shotgun " sequencing. The gut microbiota profiles will then be analyzed in a pseudonymised manner in association with diet and health, using data collected as part of the NutriNet-Santé cohort follow-up (e.g. food consumption, prevalence and incidence of pathologies, biological data, anthropometric characteristics, medication intake, socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle).

The first objective of H3Sensing is to investigate outdoor environmental, building, dwelling, situational, and behavioral determinants of objectively assessed personal heat stress over daily movements during warm periods. The second aim is to investigate how these heat stress determinants and momentary and cumulated heat stress itself are related to physiological indicators of heat stress, sleep, thermal discomfort, and well-being.

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is an irreversible chronic obstructive pulmonary pathology leading to obstruction and/or obliteration of the small airways. In children, the most common form of BO occurs following a serious lower respiratory tract infection. This is a rare complication; the incidence is unknown. The diagnosis, often late, is made on clinical, spirometric and radiological arguments. The pathophysiology would be linked to damage to the airway epithelium. PIBO is most commonly associated with adenovirus (ADV) infection (serotypes 3, 7, 11 and 21) but also other viruses such as rhinovirus (RV). The treatment of PIBO is not clearly established, it remains empirical. The research hypothesis is that the morphology of the nasal epithelium of children with ADV or RV infection is different for those progressing to PIBO. The main objective of the proposed observational study is to characterize damage to the respiratory epithelium in these children. This is a single-center prospective longitudinal study (AP-HM), in children aged 1 month to 6 years, comparing children hospitalized for lower respiratory infection by ADV or RV progressing or not to PIBO. All children included will have a nasal swab and brushing on D0. Children developing PIBO will have nasal brushing with bronchial endoscopy with bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar washing at the time of PIBO diagnosis and again at M6 in case of partial response to treatment. This is therefore a pilot study aimed at defining damage to the respiratory epithelium in children with PIBO following an ADV or RV infection and the role of respiratory epithelial cells in PIBO.

The goal of the HARMONIC-RT study is to evaluate late health and social outcomes of contemporary techniques of external beam radiotherapy in paediatric patients, based on the setting-up of a European, long-term registry complemented by a biobank.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of congenital malformations, representing 1% of live births. Progress in surgical care have led to the dramatic increase in the population of children and adults living with heart disease. As survival is no longer a concern, long-term outcomes have become the major public health issue. Prenatal diagnosis of CHD requiring open-heart surgery can be a traumatic event for expecting mothers and fathers. In the general population, maternal mental health distress is associated with fetal disturbances in the hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary system axis, restricted intrauterine growth and adverse outcomes in the offspring. It is unknown whether prenatal maternal psychological distress have an impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes in CHD. Our national study seeks to (1) characterize the impact of prenatal maternal psychological distress on neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 1 for children with CHD who undergo neonatal open-heart surgery; (2) investigate the sociodemographic and medical determinants associated with prenatal maternal mental health of women carrying a foetus diagnosed with complex CHD; (3) explore the mediating role of prenatal risk factors (i.e., sociodemographic, medical and maternal coping mechanisms) in the association of prenatal maternal mental health (i.e., distress, anxiety and depression) and neurodevelopment in children with CHD; and (4) explore the impact of paternal or the co-parent's mental health impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 1 in children with CHD. This study is a non-interventional, prospective, and longitudinal study of prenatal maternal mental health and subsequent child's neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes. It includes a follow-up period from the 3rd trimester of pregnancy until the child's first year of life. It will include children with a prenatally diagnosed heart defect requiring open-heart surgery within the first weeks of life. Understanding and preventing the neurodevelopmental sequelae of heart disease diagnosed in-utero is a public health priority.

The FCCSS is a multicentric national large-scale collaborative population-based study of children treated for a solid tumor before 2000 in France and before the age of 19 years. The study is concerned by improving knowledge about the long-term effects caused by cancer and its treatments including adverse health and social outcomes. The main reason of the FCCSS is to estimate the risk of adverse health and social outcomes that may occur after a cancer treatment and to prevent them by providing adapted follow-up care. The cohort will be followed for up to 20 years from 2011.

Although considered a rare disease, Biliary Atresia (BA) is the leading cause of neonatal cholestasis and liver transplantation in children. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that drive BA. The purpose of this study is to collect the fluid samples, explanted liver tissue samples and dermal biopsy samples to enable investigators to perform the genetic and molecular analyses that might point to the gene(s) and cellular pathway involved in etiology of BA disease.

The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of cardiometabolic and infectious disease in La Reunion (french oversea department and region of France). Known or suspected risk factor for these diseases will also be assessed, such as microbiota, cognitive impairement, social inequalities, and genetics.