Clinical trials

This study aims to evaluate the effect of a drama- and animation-supported first aid education program on first aid awareness, knowledge, and skills in preschool children. The program is designed according to the developmental characteristics of preschool children and uses age-appropriate drama activities, animations, scenarios, visual materials, puppets, and hands-on activities. The study will examine whether participation in this educational program improves children's ability to recognize situations requiring first aid, distinguish safe from unsafe behaviors, seek help from an appropriate adult, and demonstrate age-appropriate first aid responses.

Our aim in this study is to compare fixed and individualized PEEP (driving pressure guided ) application for intraoperative lung protective ventilation in patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery. Researcher aimed to compare the effects of two different PEEP application methods on intraoperative hemodynamics, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange, as well as postoperative extubation times, respiratory complications (atelectasis, need for non invasive mechanical ventilatıon, need for re-entubatıon) length of stay in the intensive care unit, and discharge times.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of game-based electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback therapy on the quality of life and sleep quality of individuals diagnosed with dyssynergic defecation.

Middle ear surgery is the most popular procedure in ear, nose and throat surgery. Increased sympathetic stimulation after surgery can activate the sympathetic system, causing hypertension and increased heart rate. As a result of these clinical conditions, hemorrhage can occur, which can impair the quality of the surgical field, which is undesirable in middle ear surgery.Clinical studies should be conducted with auricularis magnus nerve block applied in the perioperative period in middle ear surgery and postoperative pain scores.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures are commonly performed under deep sedation and are associated with a risk of hypoxemia, particularly in prone or semi-prone positions. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy may improve oxygenation by delivering heated and humidified oxygen at high flow rates, while the Microstream Advance nasal cannula provides simultaneous nasal oxygen delivery and oral oxygen insufflation. This prospective randomized study aims to compare the effectiveness of HFNC and Microstream Advance nasal cannula in maintaining oxygenation during ERCP procedures. Patients undergoing ERCP will be randomized into two groups receiving either HFNC or Microstream Advance nasal cannula oxygen support during sedation. The primary outcomes are the incidence of desaturation and oxygen reserve index (ORi) measurements during the procedure. Secondary outcomes include time to achieve target ORi levels, respiratory complications, and procedure-related adverse events.

This study aims to examine the effects of a community-based occupational therapy intervention on occupational justice, participation in daily life activities, occupational performance, satisfaction, and overall functioning among Syrian refugees living in Turkey. Refugees frequently encounter social, economic, and environmental barriers that restrict their engagement in meaningful daily activities and negatively affect their sense of autonomy, belonging, and participation. Addressing these complex challenges requires interventions that extend beyond individual skill development and actively target social participation, access to community resources, and justice in everyday occupations. In this study, a structured community-based occupational therapy intervention has been developed based on the Participatory Occupational Justice Framework. The intervention is designed to enhance participants' access to community resources, support engagement in meaningful daily activities, strengthen social participation, and promote empowerment and self-determination. The program consists of group-based, activity-oriented sessions implemented within real-life community settings to facilitate contextualized learning and participation. A total of 16 adult Syrian refugees are planned to be enrolled in the study and assigned to either an intervention group or a control group using a parallel-group design. Participants in the intervention group will receive a five-week community-based occupational therapy program comprising ten structured sessions. Participants in the control group will receive a single informational session focusing on daily life and available services in Turkey. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and immediately after the intervention using standardized measures of occupational justice, occupational performance and satisfaction, participation in daily activities, and overall functioning. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of community-based occupational therapy interventions in promoting occupational justice, participation, and functional well-being among refugee populations. The results are also anticipated to contribute to the development of rights-based, inclusive, and participation-focused rehabilitation practices for forcibly displaced communities.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of artificial intelligence-assisted mobilization education provided to patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty on their level of kinesiophobia and readiness for hospital discharge. The research questions are as follows: Does artificial intelligence-assisted mobilization education provided to patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty affect their level of kinesiophobia? Does artificial intelligence-assisted mobilization education provided to patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty affect their readiness for hospital discharge? Study Procedure In the control group, participants will receive the standard care routinely provided in the orthopedic clinic, without viewing the artificial intelligence-assisted mobilization education video. In the intervention group, participants will receive an artificial intelligence-assisted video-based mobilization education program developed to prepare them for their first postoperative mobilization. Intervention Group: After hospital admission, participants will complete a Personal Information Form. On postoperative day 1, before the first mobilization, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia will be administered. Following completion of the baseline assessment, participants will receive the artificial intelligence-assisted video-based mobilization education delivered by a nurse. Immediately after the education, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia will be administered again. Four hours before hospital discharge, participants will complete the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale-Patient Self-Assessment Form, and the nurse will complete the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale for Adult Patients-Nurse Assessment Short Form. Control Group: After hospital admission, participants will complete a Personal Information Form. On postoperative day 1, before the first mobilization, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia will be administered. Following the baseline assessment, participants will receive the routine verbal mobilization education provided by the nurse. Immediately after the education, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia will be administered again. Four hours before hospital discharge, participants will complete the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale-Patient Self-Assessment Form, and the nurse will complete the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale for Adult Patients-Nurse Assessment Short Form. At the final stage of the study, all preoperative and postoperative data collected from the participants will be compiled, recorded, and analyzed. Inclusion Criteria: Patients will be included in the study if they meet the following criteria: Age 18 years or older Undergoing total knee arthroplasty for the first time Able to read and write in Turkish No impairments that would prevent watching, hearing, or understanding the educational video No diagnosed psychiatric disorders and not using psychiatric medications that may affect the accuracy of responses No additional conditions affecting mobility other than knee arthroplasty No administration of narcotic analgesics within 30-60 minutes prior to mobilization Having access to a mobile phone capable of viewing the educational video during both the preoperative and postoperative periods. The population of the study will consist of all patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty in the Orthopedics Clinic of a state hospital. The sample will include patients who meet the study eligibility criteria and agree to participate in the study. A total of 72 patients will participate in the study, with 36 patients assigned to the control group and 36 patients assigned to the intervention group. Written and verbal informed consent will be obtained from all patients prior to participation in the study. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).

This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effect of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted respiratory training on fatigue, pain, and respiratory parameters in patients after open heart surgery.

The effect of physical activity on serum cartilage biomarkers is largely unknown. This study is critical to increase our knowledge of the physiological cartilage response to activities of daily living and dynamic tasks by focusing on healthy recreationally active individuals, thus improving our understanding of the complex relationship between cartilage health and the loading that occurs during different types of loading.

This randomized 2×2 crossover trial aims to evaluate the effects of upper extremity range of motion exercises performed with and without deep breathing on respiratory parameters in patients after open cardiac surgery. The study will include adult patients who underwent elective open cardiac surgery and are receiving postoperative care in the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit. Each participant will perform both exercise protocols: upper extremity range of motion exercises alone and upper extremity range of motion exercises combined with deep breathing. The order of the two interventions will be randomized. Respiratory and clinical outcomes, including oxygen saturation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, heart rate, pain, perceived exertion, and dyspnea, will be assessed before and after each intervention.

Some patients develop headache after spinal anesthesia used during cesarean section. This condition is called post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). Early identification of patients at risk may improve patient care. This study evaluates whether optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), measured using a non-invasive bedside ocular ultrasound technique, can help predict the development of PDPH. Participants undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia will undergo ONSD measurements at predefined perioperative time points. Participants will be followed postoperatively for the occurrence of headache. The findings may help improve early recognition and management of PDPH.

During the preoperative preparation process, the fasting period for anesthesia is planned according to guidelines. According to standard guidelines, a fasting period of at least 2 hours is recommended for clear liquids, at least 6 hours for light meals, and at least 8 hours for a full meal. However, it has been reported that these guidelines are valid for healthy patients. It is thought that the planned fasting periods may vary in diabetic patients due to delayed gastric emptying. This study aims to calculate gastric volume under ultrasonography guidance and compare it with fasting time.

The majority of patients (60-70%) develop high levels of anxiety before surgery. Surgical patients may experience feelings of anxiety due to insufficient information and counseling before surgery and potential changes in the body caused by surgery. Fears include (but are not limited to) not waking up from anesthesia, not being able to return to previous work and family life, and adaptation concerns regarding new processes after surgery. Patients with fear of complications experience preoperative anxiety four times more than other patients. Other factors affecting preoperative anxiety were determined to be waiting for a long time before surgery, not knowing what will happen during surgery, losing control of the body, not receiving sufficient social support, being exposed to medical errors, and encountering undesirable health outcomes after surgery. The changes that will occur in the body and lifestyle after stoma surgery scare patients and cause them to feel anxiety in the pre-operative period. Despite significant developments in stoma care products and the increase in the number of nurses specialized in stoma care in recent years, the majority of patients experience problems with compliance. For this reason, the compliance of stoma patients with stoma life is increasingly the subject of clinical trials and epidemiological studies. In our country, studies conducted to determine the problems experienced by stoma individuals regarding compliance with stoma and social life are limited. Nursing interventions are recommended to reduce patients' anxiety and increase their compliance with stoma after surgery. This study aims to evaluate the effect of stoma simulation performed preoperative surgery on the patient's anxiety level and postoperative stoma compliance.

This study focuses on children with spastic cerebral palsy and aims to examine how muscle morphology and tissue characteristics, as assessed by ultrasound, may relate to functional motor abilities. It is designed as a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Planned ultrasound-based assessments include parameters such as muscle thickness, pennation angle, fascicle length, echo intensity, tissue stiffness (via shear wave elastography), and microvascular flow (via superb microvascular imaging). These measurements are intended to be compared with standard clinical evaluations, including the GMFCS, GMFM-66, MAS, MACS, and Tardieu Scale. The study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between muscle architecture and functional outcomes, with the goal of generating insights that may inform individualized rehabilitation planning.

Genital apical prolapse refers to the descent of the vaginal apex, uterus, or cervix, and surgical treatment is required for adequate apical support. Laparoscopic pectopexy is a surgical method developed as an alternative to the gold standard, sacrocolpopexy, in the treatment of genital organ prolapse, especially for obese patients for whom dissection is difficult. The vaginal cuff is attached to the pectineal ligament with polypropylene mesh in the standard technique. The use of mesh is subject to serious restrictions due to complications such as mesh erosion. Surgical methods without using a mesh may be safer treatment options for patients with genital prolapse. This study aimed to compare the results of Laparoscopic Pectopexy surgery with and without the use of mesh material after hysterectomy.

Analgesia methods such as systemic analgesics, quadratus lumborum block, and transversus abdominis plane block are used for pain management after lower abdominal surgery. Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) requires the patient to be in the lateral decubitus position, and the drug injection point is deeper. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block, on the other hand, can be performed with the patient supine, and the drug injection point is more superficial. However, while TAP block has no effect on visceral pain, QLB is also effective in visceral pain. Furthermore, although the injection point for QLB is deep, systemic absorption of the drug is expected to be lower than with TAP block due to its distance from vascular structures. Consequently, blood local anesthetic concentrations and the risk of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) are also expected to be lower. Despite the deeper injection, it is expected to provide better analgesia and a lower risk of LAST, making it superior to TAP block. This study aimed to compare the postoperative pain relief effect of quadratus lumborum block and transversus abdominis plane block, routinely performed in the clinic to prevent postoperative pain in pediatric patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery, using the FLACC (Face, Leg Mobility, Activity, Crying, and Consolability) score for blood bupivacaine dose after drug injection. Based on these data, if lower blood drug concentrations are detected in patients undergoing QLB, the investigators aim to implement this technique routinely in clinical practice.

This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Leap Motion-based virtual reality rehabilitation program in patients who underwent surgical repair for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (zones II-V). A total of 66 participants, aged 18-65 years and at least 5 weeks postoperative, will be randomly assigned to two groups: the intervention group will receive routine hand rehabilitation plus Leap Motion-based virtual reality therapy for 20 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks; while the control group will continue routine hand rehabilitation only. Outcomes will include joint range of motion measured with a goniometer, pain intensity assessed with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), grip strength measured with a Jamar dynamometer, and functional outcomes assessed using the QuickDASH questionnaire. The primary endpoint is the change in range of motion, grip strength, and QuickDASH score from baseline to post-treatment. Secondary endpoints include changes in upper extremity function and pain tolerance. All interventions will be delivered under therapist supervision. This study is expected to provide evidence on whether integrating Leap Motion-based virtual reality into conventional rehabilitation improves clinical outcomes after flexor tendon repair.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most frequently performed orthopedic procedures, and with the aging population, the global number of TKA cases is expected to increase sixfold within the next decade. Postoperative pain following TKA is often severe and difficult to manage, which may increase the risk of developing chronic pain. Effective pain control is therefore a major concern, and multimodal analgesia is recommended to enhance analgesia, reduce opioid consumption, and minimize opioid-related side effects. Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are an integral part of multimodal regimens. Among them, the adductor canal block (ACB), which provides analgesia to the anteromedial aspect of the knee while preserving motor function, is widely used. The optimal analgesic strategy for TKA should not only ensure adequate pain relief but also maintain quadriceps strength to allow early mobilization. Motor-sparing blocks combined with multimodal analgesia have become increasingly popular because they facilitate early rehabilitation, decrease opioid requirements, and improve recovery outcomes. The knee joint has a complex innervation, receiving contributions from the femoral, sciatic, and obturator nerves. For this reason, combining different PNBs may provide superior analgesia compared to a single block (2). The genicular nerves, consisting of branches from the femoral, common peroneal, saphenous, tibial, and obturator nerves, innervate the knee capsule. Genicular nerve block specifically targets these branches and has been used to manage postoperative pain in TKA patients. Another motor-sparing option is the interspace between the popliteal artery and posterior capsule of the knee (IPACK) block, which provides analgesia to the posterior aspect of the knee. Using ultrasound guidance, local anesthetic is deposited between the posterior capsule and the popliteal artery. This approach spares the main trunks of the tibial and common peroneal nerves while effectively blocking the terminal branches innervating the posterior capsule, including the genicular nerves and the popliteal plexus. However, there are no studies in the literature directly comparing IPACK and genicular blocks. With this study, the investigators aim to compare the efficacy of these two blocks in patients undergoing TKA.

Thoracotomy is among the most painful surgical procedures and can cause severe pain with a high incidence. Inadequate treatment of acute postoperative pain may lead to undesired complications. Paravertebral block (PVB) is an effective technique that provides adequate analgesia in thoracic surgeries. However, it is an advanced technique with potential complication risks. Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a relatively new and considered as a safer technique that provides comparable analgesia. However, the results are controversial and there are few studies that compares the effect of these blocks in thoracic surgeries. As well as the undesired effects of inadequate pain management, high doses of perioperative opioid usage may contribute to the development of dose-dependent long-term adverse events. Hemodynamic parameters are generally used to determine the intraoperative need for opioids in patients; however, hemodynamic parameters are not standardized and they do not provide a clear assessment. The Nociception Level (NoL) index is generated from five different parameters (heart rate, heart Rrate variability, photo-plethysmographic waveform amplitude, skin conductance level, number of skin conductance fluctuations, and their time derivatives) using a finger probe and is a promising monitoring technique. Selecting an effective analgesia method and determining the appropriate dose of opioids using NoL monitoring can reduce perioperative and postoperative complications and shorten hospital stays, allowing patients to return to daily life sooner. Additionally, preventing chronic pain syndromes that may develop in patients with inadequate analgesia, personalizing each patient's analgesia level, reducing healthcare costs, and improving quality of life can be achieved. The data from this study can demonstrate the analgesic efficacy of simpler regional anesthesia techniques, contributing to the widespread adoption of regional anesthesia applications, which is a crucial step in multimodal analgesia, thereby ensuring more effective pain management for surgical patients.

The objective of this study is to assess the incidence of chronic postoperative pain in pediatric patients aged 8 to 17 years following surgical procedures. Furthermore, it seeks to identify potential risk factors contributing to the development of such pain and to evaluate its long-term implications.

Background: Infectious diseases remain significant public health concerns due to several factors such as climate and environmental changes and natural disasters. Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) can be an appropriate way for fostering community participation, disseminating knowledge, and promoting behavior change toward infectious disease prevention. This study aims to describe a protocol for a pilot randomized controlled study to evaluate the impact of the Omaha System-Based mHealth app (BUHOS) on improving knowledge, attitude, and behaviors (KAB) regarding infectious disease prevention in an earthquake-affected region of Türkiye. Methods: This study is a two-armed, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial design. A total of 112 eligible participants will be recruited from two separate container cities of an earthquake-affected region. These participants will be randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. BUHOS will be designed based on the Omaha System, a widely recognized standardized taxonomy for the assessment, planning, and evaluation of healthcare services. BUHOS will be a two-week nursing intervention that includes monitoring KAB, employing Education, Guidance and Counseling (education videos), and Surveillance (reminder messages), and assessing the outcomes. Outcome variables will include the Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes, Community Communicable Diseases Knowledge Survey, Communicable Diseases Risk Awareness and Protection Scale and System Usability Scale. Outcome variables will be assessed on the 15th and 30th day after intervention. Hypotheses: H1: Among the Omaha System Problems, the Communicable/ Infectious Condition Problem Knowledge score will be higher on the 15th and 30th days compared to the control group. H2: Infectious diseases risk awareness and prevention score will be higher on the 15th and 30th days compared to the control group. H3: Communicable/ Infectious Condition Status Behaviour Parameter score will be higher on the 15th and 30th days compared to the control group H4: The knowledge and behaviour of the communicable/ infectious status and the awareness and prevention of the risk of infectious diseases of the experimental group will be higher than before the intervention on the 15th and 30th days.

Cesarean section is a common method of delivery worldwide today. According to WHO, cesarean section accounts for more than 1 in 5 (21%) of all births, and it is predicted that approximately one-third (29%) of births will be by cesarean section by 2030. Although cesarean section is a vital and life-saving surgery, it can unnecessarily put mothers and babies at risk for short- and long-term health problems when performed without a medical necessity. Unintended perioperative hypothermia, defined as the inadvertent lowering of core temperature below 36°C during surgery, is a well-known complication of anesthesia. Hypothermia can increase the risk of infection by suppressing the immune system, prolonging the recovery process, and triggering postpartum complications. Maintaining maternal body temperature during cesarean section helps reduce postoperative complications, reduce the risk of infection, and accelerate the recovery process. It is also critical for the health of the baby. Keeping the newborn's body temperature stable can help minimize risks such as hypoxia at birth. However, there are increasing studies showing that temperature control is not only limited to maternal health but also has serious effects on the baby after birth. Therefore, it is understood that maintaining body temperature during cesarean section is an important factor in improving the quality of life for both individuals. This article aims to deeply examine the role of temperature control during cesarean section on maternal and fetal health and the benefits of this intervention.

Patients may have fears about moving after TKA surgery. This fear has been described in the literature. Fear of re-injury has also been called kinesiophobia, which is the primary psychosocial structure in the fear-avoidance model. Injury or surgery can create feelings of uncertainty and fear of how much the injury will affect future function. This situation causes the individual to have negative attitudes towards activity. For this reason, kinesiophobia is a psychological element that can affect patient outcomes and recovery after knee trauma or knee surgery. Kinesiophobia is considered a normal reaction in the early postoperative period. However, it can affect patients' early mobility after TKA. It is important to improve functional outcomes in the early period, especially in knee surgeries. Patients may delay mobilization because they feel a fear of falling after surgery, and as this delay increases, their mobility is affected worse. The only solution to this situation, which can enter a vicious circle, is to determine patients' fear of falling and apply interventions accordingly. There are studies in the literature evaluating the fear of movement after total knee arthroplasty and its effect on patients' mobility levels. However, no study has been found investigating the effect of a motivational speech prepared with the help of artificial intelligence on patients. The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a four-year global strategy report on digital health within the scope of the vision of health everywhere and for everyone. According to this report, digital health is defined as "the adoption of digital technologies to improve and develop health". The use of artificial intelligence technology is increasing day by day in the changing and developing world. It is known that nurses constitute 45% of all health professionals in the field of health and that insufficient staff number continues to be a priority problem. It is expected that insufficient staff will be supported and efficiency will increase with the contribution of artificial intelligence, which is the copy of human intelligence with advanced technology. With this research, we aim to both support staff and improve patient outcomes by using artificial intelligence technologies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an artificial intelligence-supported motivational speech on patients' fear of movement and mobility level after knee replacement.

Surgical fear is a situation where a person experiences excessive fear of surgical procedures. This fear can negatively affect the person's normal life and is usually more intense in the pre-operative period. The causes of surgical fear include factors such as previous negative surgical experiences, lack of sufficient information, post-operative pain and complications. In addition, factors such as age, gender, and level of education can also affect fear. This fear can lead to physical and psychological problems along with stress; symptoms such as increased heart rate, dizziness, and muscle tension can be seen. Methods such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, meditation, and hypnosis can be used in the treatment of surgical fear. In addition, anxiety can also arise from thinking about the surgical procedure, post-operative complications, fear of anesthesia, or pain. High-risk surgeries and past negative experiences can increase anxiety. High anxiety before surgery can lead to psychological and physical problems. Nurses should offer anxiety-reducing techniques (breathing exercises, relaxation) by taking into account the needs of patients. In addition, having relatives with the patient can help relieve anxiety. Laughter yoga is considered an effective complementary therapy to reduce surgical fear and anxiety. Developed in India in 1995, this method involves simulating laughter with yoga breathing techniques. Laughter yoga relaxes muscles, increases pain threshold, and improves overall psychological well-being. This study aims to evaluate the effects of laughter yoga on patients undergoing ureteroscopy.

In order to effectively manage postoperative analgesia in patients planned to undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, patients will be divided into 2 (two) groups and informed consent forms will be obtained after the necessary information is provided so that both groups can be included in the study. In the group planned to undergo erector spinae plane block, erector spinae plane block will be performed after monitoring and sedation in the operating room block unit before being taken to the surgical table preoperatively and postoperative PCA analgesia will be applied. In patients who will undergo subcostal transversus abdominis plane block, subcostal tap block will be performed after monitoring and sedation in the operating room block unit before being taken to the surgical table preoperatively and postoperative PCA analgesia will be applied. The patients' perioperative pain will be monitored with NOL (nociception level) monitor. Remifentanil dose will be adjusted to keep the NOL level between 10 and 25. After the patients are followed up for 24 hours postoperatively, their additional analgesia needs and amounts during this process will be compared. In this way, it is aimed to show that the analgesic method can be used effectively in the follow-up of pain management by comparing the Erector Spina Plane block and the Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane block as an effective analgesic application in laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations.